In terms of market side, this report researches the Industrial Display revenue, growth rate, market share by manufacturers, by type, by application and by region (region level and country level), from 2018 to 2023, and forecast to 2029.
The global Industrial Display market size in 2022 is 5273.00 million US dollars, and it is expected to be 8194.17 million US dollars by 2029, with a compound annual growth rate of 6.50% expected in 2023-2029.
MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE:
The main players in the Industrial Display market include Samsung Display, LG Display Co., Ltd., Advantech Co., Ltd., Pepperl+Fuchs GmbH, and WinMate, Inc.. The share of the top 3 players in the Industrial Display market is XX%.
REGION SHARE:
The report covers the market size information of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, in which North America accounted for XX%, Europe accounted for XX% of Industrial Display market, and Asia Pacific accounted for XX%.
SEGMENT OVERVIEW:
The report segments the market by Type and Application. Rugged Displays accounted for XX% of Industrial Display market in 2022. Open Frame Monitors share of XX%.
HMI accounted for XX% of the Industrial Display market in 2022. Remote Monitoring accounts for XX%.
Report Includes:
This report presents an overview of global market for Industrial Display. Analyses of the global market trends, with historic market revenue data for 2018 - 2022, estimates for 2023, and projections of CAGR through 2029.
This report researches the key players of Industrial Display, also provides the consumption of main regions and countries. Highlights of the upcoming market potential for Industrial Display, and key regions/countries of focus to forecast this market into various segments and sub-segments. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Middle East, Africa, and Other Countries.
This report focuses on the Industrial Display market share and industry ranking of main players, data from 2018 to 2023. Identification of the major stakeholders in the global Industrial Display market, and analysis of their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues. This report will help stakeholders to understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights and position their businesses and market strategies in a better way.
This report analyzes the segments data by Type and by Application, from 2018 to 2029. Evaluation and forecast the market size for Industrial Display sales, projected growth trends, technology, application and end-user industry.
Market Trend:
Increasing Industrial Automation: The growing trend of industrial automation is a significant driver for the industrial display market. As industries adopt advanced automation technologies, there is a rising demand for high-quality displays to monitor and control industrial processes. Industrial displays play a crucial role in providing real-time data, visualization, and user-friendly interfaces for efficient operation and management.
Technological Advancements: Rapid advancements in display technologies, such as the development of high-resolution screens, touchscreens, and flexible displays, have a direct impact on the industrial display market. These advancements enable improved clarity, durability, and enhanced functionality of displays, making them more suitable for industrial environments.
Increasing Demand for HMI Systems: Human-Machine Interface (HMI) systems are an integral part of industrial displays, allowing operators to interact with machines and control systems. The demand for intuitive and user-friendly HMI systems is rising, driving the need for advanced industrial displays that offer better touch response, multi-touch capabilities, and seamless integration with control systems.
Industry 4.0 and IoT Integration: The adoption of Industry 4.0 principles and the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in industrial settings are driving the demand for industrial displays. These displays are used to visualize data from IoT-enabled devices, monitor production lines, and enable data-driven decision-making.
The Following is the Scope of Analysis Mainly Covered by Our Research on the Global {XX} Market:
Highlights-Regions
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Nordic
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
MEA
Saudi Arabia
Egypt
Turkey
UAE
South Africa
Player list
Samsung Display
LG Display Co., Ltd.
Advantech Co., Ltd.
Pepperl+Fuchs GmbH
WinMate, Inc.
Planar Systems, Inc.
Maple Systems, INC.
Sharp NEC Display Solutions, Ltd.
Innolux Corporation
Japan Display, Inc.
Siemens AG
Types list
Rugged Displays
Open Frame Monitors
Panel-Mount Monitors
Marine Displays
Video Walls
Application list
HMI
Remote Monitoring
Interactive Display
Digital Signage
Table of Content
1 Market Overview
1.1 Industrial Display Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Types
1.3 Market Analysis by Applications
1.4 Global Industrial Display Market Size & Forecast
1.4.1 Global Industrial Display Revenue in Value (2018-2029)
1.4.2 Global Industrial Display Sales in Volume (2018-2029)
1.4.3 Global Industrial Display Price (2018-2029)
1.5 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.5.1 Industrial Display Market Drivers
1.5.2 Industrial Display Market Restraints
1.5.3 Industrial Display Trends Analysis
1.6 Economic Analysis of Global Regions
1.7 Inflation Analysis
1.8 The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
1.9 Coronavirus Disease 2020 (COVID-19) Impact on Global
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Samsung Display
2.1.1 Business Overview
2.1.2 Samsung Display SWOT Analysis
2.1.3 Samsung Display Industrial Display Products and Service Offered
2.1.4 Samsung Display Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin
2.2 LG Display Co., Ltd.
2.2.1 Business Overview
2.2.2 LG Display Co., Ltd. SWOT Analysis
2.2.3 LG Display Co., Ltd. Industrial Display Products and Service Offered
2.2.4 LG Display Co., Ltd. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin
2.3 Advantech Co., Ltd.
2.3.1 Business Overview
2.3.2 Advantech Co., Ltd. SWOT Analysis
2.3.3 Advantech Co., Ltd. Industrial Display Products and Service Offered
2.3.4 Advantech Co., Ltd. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin
2.4 Pepperl+Fuchs GmbH
2.4.1 Business Overview
2.4.2 Pepperl+Fuchs GmbH SWOT Analysis
2.4.3 Pepperl+Fuchs GmbH Industrial Display Products and Service Offered
2.4.4 Pepperl+Fuchs GmbH Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin
2.5 WinMate, Inc.
2.5.1 Business Overview
2.5.2 WinMate, Inc. SWOT Analysis
2.5.3 WinMate, Inc. Industrial Display Products and Service Offered
2.5.4 WinMate, Inc. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin
2.6 Planar Systems, Inc.
2.6.1 Business Overview
2.6.2 Planar Systems, Inc. SWOT Analysis
2.6.3 Planar Systems, Inc. Industrial Display Products and Service Offered
2.6.4 Planar Systems, Inc. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin
2.7 Maple Systems, INC.
2.7.1 Business Overview
2.7.2 Maple Systems, INC. SWOT Analysis
2.7.3 Maple Systems, INC. Industrial Display Products and Service Offered
2.7.4 Maple Systems, INC. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin
2.8 Sharp NEC Display Solutions, Ltd.
2.8.1 Business Overview
2.8.2 Sharp NEC Display Solutions, Ltd. SWOT Analysis
2.8.3 Sharp NEC Display Solutions, Ltd. Industrial Display Products and Service Offered
2.8.4 Sharp NEC Display Solutions, Ltd. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin
2.9 Innolux Corporation
2.9.1 Business Overview
2.9.2 Innolux Corporation SWOT Analysis
2.9.3 Innolux Corporation Industrial Display Products and Service Offered
2.9.4 Innolux Corporation Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin
2.10 Japan Display, Inc.
2.10.1 Business Overview
2.10.2 Japan Display, Inc. SWOT Analysis
2.10.3 Japan Display, Inc. Industrial Display Products and Service Offered
2.10.4 Japan Display, Inc. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin
2.11 Siemens AG
2.11.1 Business Overview
2.11.2 Siemens AG SWOT Analysis
2.11.3 Siemens AG Industrial Display Products and Service Offered
2.11.4 Siemens AG Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin
3 Global Industrial Display Market Competition, by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Industrial Display Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer
3.2 Market Concentration Rate
3.2.1 Top 3 Industrial Display Players Market Share in 2022
3.2.2 Top 6 Industrial Display Players Market Share in 2022
3.2.3 Market Competition Trend
3.3 Industrial Display Players Head Office, Business Provided
3.4 Industrial Display Mergers & Acquisitions
3.5 Industrial Display New Entrants and Expansion Plans
4 Market Segment by Type
4.1 Global Industrial Display Revenue in Value by Type (2018-2029)
4.2 Global Industrial Display Sales in Volume by Type (2018-2029)
4.3 Global Industrial Display Revenue in Price by Type (2018-2029)
5 Market Segment by Application
5.1 Global Industrial Display Sales in Volume by Application (2018-2029)
5.2 Global Industrial Display Revenue by Application (2018-2029)
5.3 Global Industrial Display Price by Applications (2018-2029)
6 Global Industrial Display Market Analysis by Regions
6.1 Global Industrial Display Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions
6.1.1 Global Industrial Display Revenue by Regions (2018-2029)
6.1.2 Global Industrial Display Sales Volume by Regions (2018-2029)
6.2 North America Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
6.3 Europe Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
6.4 Asia Pacific Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
6.5 South America Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
6.6 Middle East and Africa Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
7 North America Industrial Display by Country, by Type, and by Application
7.1 North America Industrial Display Revenue by Type (2018-2029)
7.2 North America Industrial Display Revenue by Application (2018-2029)
7.3 North America Industrial Display Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Countries
7.3.1 North America Industrial Display Revenue in Value by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.2 North America Industrial Display Sales by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.3 United States Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
7.3.4 Canada Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
7.3.5 Mexico Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
7.4 North America SWOT Analysis
8 Europe Industrial Display by Country, by Type, and by Application
8.1 Europe Industrial Display Revenue by Type (2018-2029)
8.2 Europe Industrial Display Revenue by Application (2018-2029)
8.3 Europe Industrial Display Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Countries
8.3.1 Europe Industrial Display Revenue in Value by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.2 Europe Industrial Display Sales by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.3 Germany Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
8.3.4 France Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
8.3.6 Russia Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
8.3.7 Italy Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
8.3.8 Nordic Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
8.4 Europe SWOT Analysis
9 Asia Pacific Industrial Display by Country, by Type, and by Application
9.1 Asia Pacific Industrial Display Revenue by Type (2018-2029)
9.2 Asia Pacific Industrial Display Revenue by Application (2018-2029)
9.3 Asia Pacific Industrial Display Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Countries
9.3.1 Asia Pacific Industrial Display Revenue in Value by Country (2018-2029)
9.3.2 Asia Pacific Industrial Display Sales by Country (2018-2029)
9.3.3 China Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
9.3.4 Japan Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
9.3.5 Korea Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
9.3.6 India Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
9.3.8 Australia Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
9.4 Asia Pacific SWOT Analysis
10 South America Industrial Display by Country, by Type, and by Application
10.1 South America Industrial Display Revenue by Type (2018-2029)
10.2 South America Industrial Display Revenue by Application (2018-2029)
10.3 South America Industrial Display Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Countries
10.3.1 South America Industrial Display Revenue in Value by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.2 South America Industrial Display Sales by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.3 Brazil Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
10.3.4 Argentina Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
10.4 South America SWOT Analysis
11 Middle East & Africa Industrial Display by Country, by Type, and by Application
11.1 Middle East & Africa Industrial Display Revenue by Type (2018-2029)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Industrial Display Revenue by Application (2018-2029)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Industrial Display Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Countries
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Industrial Display Revenue in Value by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Industrial Display Sales by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.3 Turkey Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
11.3.4 Egypt Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
11.3.6 UAE Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
11.3.7 South Africa Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
11.4 Middle East and Africa SWOT Analysis
12 Marketing Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
12.1 Marketing Channel Status
12.1.1 Direct Marketing
12.1.2 Indirect Marketing
12.2 Industrial Display Typical Distributors
12.3 Industrial Display Typical Customers
12.4 Consumer Behavior Analysis
13 Industrial Display Manufacturing Cost Analysis
13.1 Industrial Display Key Raw Materials Analysis
13.1.1 Key Raw Materials
13.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
13.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
13.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
13.2.1 Raw Materials
13.2.2 Labor Cost
13.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
13.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Industrial Display
13.4 Industrial Display Industrial Chain Analysis
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Methodology and Data Source
15.1 A Methodology
15.1.1 Research Process
15.1.2 Market Size Estimation
15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.2 B Data Source
15.2.1 Legal Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Industrial Display Picture
Table Product Specifications of Industrial Display
Figure Global Revenue Market Share of Industrial Display by Types in 2022
Table Types of Industrial Display
Figure Industrial Display Market Share by Applications in 2022
Table Application of Industrial Display
Figure Global Industrial Display Revenue in Value (2018-2029)
Figure Global Industrial Display Sales in Volume (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Price (2018-2029)
Table Economic Analysis of Global Regions
Table Inflation Analysis
Table The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
Figure 2020 (COVID-19) Impact on Global Economic Growth 2019, 2020, 2021
Figure Population infected by the Covid-19 of Major Countries
Table Samsung Display Details
Table SWOT Analysis
Table Samsung Display Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Samsung Display Revenue Market Share 2018-2023
Table LG Display Co., Ltd. Details
Table SWOT Analysis
Table LG Display Co., Ltd. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure LG Display Co., Ltd. Revenue Market Share 2018-2023
Table Advantech Co., Ltd. Details
Table SWOT Analysis
Table Advantech Co., Ltd. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Advantech Co., Ltd. Revenue Market Share 2018-2023
Table Pepperl+Fuchs GmbH Details
Table SWOT Analysis
Table Pepperl+Fuchs GmbH Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Pepperl+Fuchs GmbH Revenue Market Share 2018-2023
Table WinMate, Inc. Details
Table SWOT Analysis
Table WinMate, Inc. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure WinMate, Inc. Revenue Market Share 2018-2023
Table Planar Systems, Inc. Details
Table SWOT Analysis
Table Planar Systems, Inc. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Planar Systems, Inc. Revenue Market Share 2018-2023
Table Maple Systems, INC. Details
Table SWOT Analysis
Table Maple Systems, INC. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Maple Systems, INC. Revenue Market Share 2018-2023
Table Sharp NEC Display Solutions, Ltd. Details
Table SWOT Analysis
Table Sharp NEC Display Solutions, Ltd. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Sharp NEC Display Solutions, Ltd. Revenue Market Share 2018-2023
Table Innolux Corporation Details
Table SWOT Analysis
Table Innolux Corporation Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Innolux Corporation Revenue Market Share 2018-2023
Table Japan Display, Inc. Details
Table SWOT Analysis
Table Japan Display, Inc. Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Japan Display, Inc. Revenue Market Share 2018-2023
Table Siemens AG Details
Table SWOT Analysis
Table Siemens AG Industrial Display Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Siemens AG Revenue Market Share 2018-2023
Table Global Industrial Display Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
Figure Global Industrial Display Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022
Figure Global Top 3 Companies Revenue Share in 2022
Figure Global Top 6 Companies Revenue Share in 2022
Table Global Industrial Display Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5) (2018-2023)
Table Industrial Display Players Head Office, Business Provided
Table Mergers & Acquisitions
Table New Entrants and Expansion Plans
Table Global Industrial Display Revenue in Value by Type (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Revenue Share by Type (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Sales in Volume by Type (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Sales Share by Type (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Revenue in Price by Type (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Sales in Volume by Application (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Sales Share by Application (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Revenue by Application (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Revenue Share by Application (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Price by Applications (2018-2029)
Figure Global Industrial Display Sales in Volume and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Global Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Revenue by Regions (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Revenue Market Share by Regions (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Sales Volume by Regions (2018-2029)
Table Global Industrial Display Sales Volume Market Share by Regions (2018-2029)
Figure North America Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Europe Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Asia Pacific Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure South America Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Middle East and Africa Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Table North America Industrial Display Revenue by Type (2018-2029)
Table North America Industrial Display Revenue by Application (2018-2029)
Table North America Industrial Display Revenue by Countries (2018-2029)
Table North America Industrial Display Revenue Market Share by Countries (2018-2029)
Table North America Industrial Display Sales in Volume by Countries (2018-2029)
Table North America Industrial Display Sales Market Share by Countries (2018-2029)
Figure United States Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Canada Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Mexico Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Table SWOT Analysis
Table Europe Industrial Display Revenue by Type (2018-2029)
Table Europe Industrial Display Revenue by Application (2018-2029)
Table Europe Industrial Display Revenue by Countries (2018-2029)
Table Europe Industrial Display Revenue Market Share by Countries (2018-2029)
Table Europe Industrial Display Sales in Volume by Countries (2018-2029)
Table Europe Industrial Display Sales Market Share by Countries (2018-2029)
Figure Germany Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure France Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure United Kingdom Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Russia Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Italy Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Nordic Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Table SWOT Analysis
Table Asia Pacific Industrial Display Revenue by Type (2018-2029)
Table Asia Pacific Industrial Display Revenue by Application (2018-2029)
Table Asia Pacific Industrial Display Revenue by Countries (2018-2029)
Table Asia Pacific Industrial Display Revenue Market Share by Countries (2018-2029)
Table Asia Pacific Industrial Display Sales in Volume by Countries (2018-2029)
Table Asia Pacific Industrial Display Sales Market Share by Countries (2018-2029)
Figure China Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Japan Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Korea Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure India Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Southeast Asia Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Australia Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Table SWOT Analysis
Table South America Industrial Display Revenue by Type (2018-2029)
Table South America Industrial Display Revenue by Application (2018-2029)
Table South America Industrial Display Revenue by Countries (2018-2029)
Table South America Industrial Display Revenue Market Share by Countries (2018-2029)
Table South America Industrial Display Sales in Volume by Countries (2018-2029)
Table South America Industrial Display Sales Market Share by Countries (2018-2029)
Figure Brazil Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Argentina Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Table SWOT Analysis
Table Middle East & Africa Industrial Display Revenue by Type (2018-2029)
Table Middle East & Africa Industrial Display Revenue by Application (2018-2029)
Table Middle East & Africa Industrial Display Revenue by Countries (2018-2029)
Table Middle East & Africa Industrial Display Revenue Market Share by Countries (2018-2029)
Table Middle East & Africa Industrial Display Sales in Volume by Countries (2018-2029)
Table Middle East & Africa Industrial Display Sales Market Share by Countries (2018-2029)
Figure Turkey Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Egypt Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure Saudi Arabia Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure UAE Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Figure South Africa Industrial Display Revenue and Growth (2018-2029)
Table SWOT Analysis
Table Distributors of Industrial Display with Contact Information
Table Major Customers of Industrial Display with Contact Information
Table Consumer Behavior Analysis
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table Raw Materials Analysis
Table Labor Cost Analysis
Table Manufacturing Expenses Analysis
Table Manufacturing Process Analysis of Industrial DisplayAnalysis
Figure Industrial Display Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Research Process
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report