The research time span covered by the report is from 2019 to 2030; it provides an overview of the Global Insect Repellent Apparels Market and also provides a deeper in-depth segmentation of the market by regions, product type and downstream industries.
The global Insect Repellent Apparels market size in 2023 is xx million US dollars, and it is expected to be xx million US dollars by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of xx% expected in 2024-2030.
MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE:
The main players in the Insect Repellent Apparels market include ExOfficio, LLC, Insect Shield, The Orvis Company, TOAD&CO, and Rohan. The share of the top 3 players in the Insect Repellent Apparels market is xx%.
REGION SHARE:
The report covers the market size information of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, and North America accounted for xx%, Europe accounted for xx% of Insect Repellent Apparels market, and Asia Pacific accounted for xx%.
SEGMENT OVERVIEW:
The report segments the market by Type and Application. Jacket accounted for xx% of Insect Repellent Apparels market in 2023. Shirt share of xx%.
Men accounted for xx% of the Insect Repellent Apparels market in 2023. Women accounts for xx%.
For competitive landscape, prominent players with considerable market shares are comprehensively analyzed in this report. With information regarding the concentration ratio and detailed data reflecting the market performance of each player shared, the readers can acquire a holistic view of the competitive situation and a better understanding of their competitors.
As the COVID-19 takes over the world, we are continuously tracking the changes in the markets. We analyzed the impact of the pandemic in detail, along with other key factors, such as macro-economy, regional conflicts, industry related news and policies. Meanwhile, market investment scenario, technology status and developments, supply chain challenges, among other essential research elements are all covered.
Key Factors Considered:
COVID-19
The report describes the market scenario during and post the pandemic in the vision of upstream, major market participants, downstream major customers, etc. Other aspects, such as changes in consumer behavior, demand, transport capacity, trade flow under COVID-19, have also been taken into consideration during the process of the research.
Regional Conflict / Russia-Ukraine War
The report also presents the impact of regional conflict on this market in an effort to aid the readers to understand how the market has been adversely influenced and how it”s going to evolve in the years to come.
Challenges & Opportunities
Factors that may help create opportunities and boost profits for market players, as well as challenges that may restrain or even pose a threat to the development of the players, are revealed in the report, which can shed a light on strategic decisions and implementation.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the product overview, market scope, product classification, application, and regional division, and then includes inflation analysis, the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war on the market, and the global impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Chapter 2: Analysis of the competitive environment of Insect Repellent Apparels market participants. This mainly includes the revenue, production, market share, and average price of the top players, along with the players” M&A and expansion in recent years.
Chapter 3: Analyzes the main companies in the Insect Repellent Apparels industry, including their main businesses, products/services, production, prices, value, gross margin, and the latest developments.
Chapters 4-5: Segmented the global Insect Repellent Apparels market by type, and application. Analyze the value, volume and price of market segments from different perspectives.
Chapters 6-7: Provide global Insect Repellent Apparels market production status, consumption status and SWOT Analysis by region.
Chapter 8: Analyzes the Insect Repellent Apparels industry chain, including raw material analysis, sales and marketing, distributors and major downstream buyers.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, the trends factors and drivers factors of the market, and the challenges and restraints faced by manufacturers in the industry, and includes market technology analysis.
Chapter 10: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Chapter 11: Concludes with an explanation of the data sources and research methods.
Highlights-Regions
North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Spain
Nordic
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
UAE
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
Player list
ExOfficio, LLC
Insect Shield
The Orvis Company
TOAD&CO
Rohan
Craghoppers
Royal Robbins
Dog Not Gone
Tyndale USA
Pang Wangle
NoBugs Ltd
Kathmandu
Craghoppers
Types list
Jacket
Shirt
Trouser
Others
Application list
Men
Women
Table of Content
1 Study Coverage
1.1 Insect Repellent Apparels Product Introduction
1.2 Market by Type
1.2.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
1.6 Inflation Analysis
1.7 The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
1.8 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Impact on Global
2 Competition by Players
2.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production by Players
2.1.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production by Players (2019-2024)
2.1.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
2.1.3 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Players of Insect Repellent Apparels in 2024
2.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Revenue by Players
2.2.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Revenue by Players (2019-2024)
2.2.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Revenue Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
2.2.3 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Companies by Insect Repellent Apparels Revenue in 2024
2.3 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production Price by Players
2.4 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
2.4.1 Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)
2.4.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Players Geographical Distribution
2.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
3 Company Overview
3.1 ExOfficio, LLC
3.1.1 ExOfficio, LLC Information
3.1.2 ExOfficio, LLC Overview
3.1.3 ExOfficio, LLC Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.1.4 ExOfficio, LLC Related Developments
3.2 Insect Shield
3.2.1 Insect Shield Information
3.2.2 Insect Shield Overview
3.2.3 Insect Shield Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.2.4 Insect Shield Related Developments
3.3 The Orvis Company
3.3.1 The Orvis Company Information
3.3.2 The Orvis Company Overview
3.3.3 The Orvis Company Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.3.4 The Orvis Company Related Developments
3.4 TOAD&CO
3.4.1 TOAD&CO Information
3.4.2 TOAD&CO Overview
3.4.3 TOAD&CO Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.4.4 TOAD&CO Related Developments
3.5 Rohan
3.5.1 Rohan Information
3.5.2 Rohan Overview
3.5.3 Rohan Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.5.4 Rohan Related Developments
3.6 Craghoppers
3.6.1 Craghoppers Information
3.6.2 Craghoppers Overview
3.6.3 Craghoppers Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.6.4 Craghoppers Related Developments
3.7 Royal Robbins
3.7.1 Royal Robbins Information
3.7.2 Royal Robbins Overview
3.7.3 Royal Robbins Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.7.4 Royal Robbins Related Developments
3.8 Dog Not Gone
3.8.1 Dog Not Gone Information
3.8.2 Dog Not Gone Overview
3.8.3 Dog Not Gone Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.8.4 Dog Not Gone Related Developments
3.9 Tyndale USA
3.9.1 Tyndale USA Information
3.9.2 Tyndale USA Overview
3.9.3 Tyndale USA Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.9.4 Tyndale USA Related Developments
3.10 Pang Wangle
3.10.1 Pang Wangle Information
3.10.2 Pang Wangle Overview
3.10.3 Pang Wangle Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.10.4 Pang Wangle Related Developments
3.11 NoBugs Ltd
3.11.1 NoBugs Ltd Information
3.11.2 NoBugs Ltd Overview
3.11.3 NoBugs Ltd Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.11.4 NoBugs Ltd Related Developments
3.12 Kathmandu
3.12.1 Kathmandu Information
3.12.2 Kathmandu Overview
3.12.3 Kathmandu Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.12.4 Kathmandu Related Developments
3.13 Craghoppers
3.13.1 Craghoppers Information
3.13.2 Craghoppers Overview
3.13.3 Craghoppers Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.13.4 Craghoppers Related Developments
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production by Type
4.1.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production by Type (2019-2024)
4.1.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Production by Type (2024-2030)
4.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Value by Type
4.2.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Value by Type (2019-2024)
4.2.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Value by Type (2024-2030)
4.3 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Price by Type
4.3.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Price by Type (2019-2024)
4.3.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Price Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Consumption by Application
5.1.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Consumption by Application (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Consumption by Application (2024-2030)
5.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Revenue by Application
5.2.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Revenue by Application (2024-2030)
5.3 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Price by Application
5.3.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Price by Application (2019-2024)
5.3.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Price Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
6 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production
6.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
6.3 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production by Region
6.3.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
6.3.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Historic Value by Region (2019-2024)
6.3.3 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Production by Region (2024-2030)
6.3.4 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Value by Region (2024-2030)
6.4 North America
6.4.1 North America Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
6.4.2 North America SWOT Analysis
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 Europe Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
6.5.2 Europe SWOT Analysis
6.6 China
6.6.1 China Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
6.6.2 China SWOT Analysis
6.7 Japan
6.7.1 Japan Insect Repellent Apparels Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
6.7.2 Japan SWOT Analysis
7 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Market Insights Estimates and Forecasts
7.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
7.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
7.3 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Region
7.3.1 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Region (2019-2024)
7.3.2 Global Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Region (2024-2030)
7.4 North America
7.4.1 North America Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.4.2 U.S.
7.4.3 Canada
7.5 Europe
7.5.1 Europe Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.5.2 Germany
7.5.3 France
7.5.4 U.K.
7.5.5 Italy
7.5.6 Russia
7.6 Asia-Pacific
7.6.1 Asia Pacific Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Region (2019-2030)
7.6.2 China
7.6.3 Japan
7.6.4 South Korea
7.6.5 India
7.6.6 Southeast Asia
7.6.7 Australia
7.7 Latin America
7.7.1 Latin America Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.7.2 Mexico
7.7.3 Brazil
7.8 Middle East & Africa
7.8.1 Middle East and Africa Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.8.2 Turkey
7.8.3 Saudi Arabia
7.8.4 U.A.E
8 Value Chain and Channels Analysis
8.1 Insect Repellent Apparels Value Chain Analysis
8.2 Insect Repellent Apparels Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.3 Insect Repellent Apparels Production Mode & Process
8.4 Insect Repellent Apparels Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Channels
8.4.2 Insect Repellent Apparels Distributors
8.5 Insect Repellent Apparels Customers
9 Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Risks Factors Analysis
9.1 Insect Repellent Apparels Industry Trends
9.2 Insect Repellent Apparels Market Drivers
9.3 Insect Repellent Apparels Market Challenges
9.4 Insect Repellent Apparels Market Restraints
9.5 Insect Repellent Apparels Market Technology Analysis
10 Research Findings and Conclusion
11 Methodology and Data Source
11.1 Methodology
11.1.1 Research Process
11.1.2 Market Size Estimation
11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
11.2 Data Source
11.2.1 Legal Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Insect Repellent Apparels Picture
Table Product Definition of Insect Repellent Apparels
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Figure Years Considered
Table Inflation Analysis
Table The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
Figure (COVID-19) Impact on Global Economic Growth 2019, 2020, 2021
Figure Population infected by the Covid-19 of Major Countries
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Insect Repellent Apparels in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Insect Repellent Apparels in 2024
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Revenue by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Revenue Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Insect Repellent Apparels in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Insect Repellent Apparels in 2024
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production Price by Players
Table Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Players Geographical Distribution
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Company Profiles
Table ExOfficio, LLC Overview
Table ExOfficio, LLC Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table ExOfficio, LLC Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Insect Shield Overview
Table Insect Shield Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Insect Shield Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table The Orvis Company Overview
Table The Orvis Company Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table The Orvis Company Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table TOAD&CO Overview
Table TOAD&CO Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table TOAD&CO Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Rohan Overview
Table Rohan Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Rohan Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Craghoppers Overview
Table Craghoppers Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Craghoppers Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Royal Robbins Overview
Table Royal Robbins Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Royal Robbins Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Dog Not Gone Overview
Table Dog Not Gone Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Dog Not Gone Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Tyndale USA Overview
Table Tyndale USA Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Tyndale USA Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Pang Wangle Overview
Table Pang Wangle Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Pang Wangle Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table NoBugs Ltd Overview
Table NoBugs Ltd Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table NoBugs Ltd Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Kathmandu Overview
Table Kathmandu Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Kathmandu Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Craghoppers Overview
Table Craghoppers Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Craghoppers Related Developments
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Production by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Production Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Value by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Value Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Value by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Value Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Price by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Price Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Consumption by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Consumption Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Consumption by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Consumption Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Revenue by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Revenue Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Price by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Price Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
Figure Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production (2019-2030)
Figure Global Insect Repellent Apparels Value (2019-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Production by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Historic Production Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Historic Value by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Historic Value Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Production by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Production Share by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Value by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Forecasted Value Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Insect Repellent Apparels Production (2019-2030)
Figure North America Insect Repellent Apparels Value (2019-2030)
Table North America Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Europe Insect Repellent Apparels Production (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Insect Repellent Apparels Value (2019-2030)
Table Europe Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure China Insect Repellent Apparels Production (2019-2030)
Figure China Insect Repellent Apparels Value (2019-2030)
Table China Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Japan Insect Repellent Apparels Production (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Insect Repellent Apparels Value (2019-2030)
Table Japan Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Insect Repellent Apparels Sales (2019-2030)
Table North America Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table North America Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure United States Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Canada Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Insect Repellent Apparels Sales (2019-2030)
Table Europe Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Europe Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Germany Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure France Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.K. Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Italy Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Russia Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Asia-Pacific Insect Repellent Apparels Sales (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Region (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure China Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure South Korea Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure India Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Southeast Asia Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Australia Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Latin America Insect Repellent Apparels Sales (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Mexico Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Brazil Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Middle East & Africa Insect Repellent Apparels Sales (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Insect Repellent Apparels Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Turkey Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Saudi Arabia Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.A.E Insect Repellent Apparels Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Table Raw Material
Table Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Figure Sales Channels
Table Major Distributors of Insect Repellent Apparels with Contact Information
Table Major Customers of Insect Repellent Apparels with Contact Information
Table Research Process
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report