Market Analysis and Insights: Global Insect Farming Market
The global Insect Farming market size in 2023 is XX million US dollars, and it is expected to be XX million US dollars by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of XX% expected in 2024-2030.

MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE:
The main players in the Insect Farming market include Entomo Farms, Aspire Food Group, Bühler, Kreca Ento-Feed BV, and Armstrong Cricket Farm Georgia. The share of the top 3 players in the Insect Farming market is XX%.

REGION SHARE:
The report covers the market size information of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, and North America accounted for XX%, Europe accounted for XX% of Insect Farming market, and Asia Pacific accounted for XX%.

SEGMENT OVERVIEW:
The report segments the market by Type and Application. Silkworms accounted for XX% of Insect Farming market in 2023. Black Soldier Fly share of XX%.
Food accounted for XX% of the Insect Farming market in 2023. Pharmaceutical accounts for XX%.

With industry-standard accuracy in analysis and high data integrity, the report makes a brilliant attempt to unveil key opportunities available in the global Insect Farming market to help players in achieving a strong market position. Buyers of the report can access verified and reliable market forecasts, including those for the overall size of the global Insect Farming market in terms of revenue.

On the whole, the report proves to be an effective tool that players can use to gain a competitive edge over their competitors and ensure lasting success in the global Insect Farming market. All of the findings, data, and information provided in the report are validated and revalidated with the help of trustworthy sources. The analysts who have authored the report took a unique and industry-best research and analysis approach for an in-depth study of the global Insect Farming market.

Global Insect Farming Scope and Market Size
Insect Farming market is segmented by company, region (country), by Type, and by Application. Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Insect Farming market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource.

The impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War on the Insect Farming industry is considered in the report, covering the dynamic analysis of the development of the Insect Farming industry, including trends, technologies, opportunities, constraints. To ensure report buyers are able to gain in-depth knowledge of the market.

Highlights-Regions

North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Spain
Nordic
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
UAE
Turkey
Saudi Arabia

Player list
Entomo Farms
Aspire Food Group
Bühler
Kreca Ento-Feed BV
Armstrong Cricket Farm Georgia
EntoCube
JR Unique Foods
Protix
Entogama
EIT Food
Viscon Group
NextAlim SAS
nextProtein SAS
Protenga
Ynsect
Thai Union Group
Deli Bugs
AgriProtein
Cricket Lab Limited

Types list
Silkworms
Black Soldier Fly
Mealworm
Crickets
Others

Application list
Food
Pharmaceutical
Animal Feeding
Other

Table of Content

1 Insect Farming Market Introduction and Overview
1.1 Insect Farming Definition
1.2 Research Purposes
1.3 Report Timeline
1.4 Economic Analysis of Global Regions
1.5 Insect Farming Industry Dynamic Analysis
1.5.1 Insect Farming Market Trends Analysis
1.5.2 Insect Farming Market Drivers Analysis
1.5.3 Insect Farming Market Challenges Analysis
1.5.4 Insect Farming Market Restraints Analysis
1.6 Inflation Analysis
1.7 The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
1.8 Coronavirus Disease 2020 (COVID-19) Impact on Global
2 Global Insect Farming Market Insights by Type
2.1 Market Size Insights by Types
2.2 Global Insect Farming Revenue and Share by Type
2.3 Global Insect Farming Sales and Share by Type
3 Global Insect Farming Market Insights by Application
3.1 Market Size Insights by Application
3.2 Global Insect Farming Revenue and Share by Application (2019-2024)
3.3 Global Insect Farming Sales and Share by Application (2019-2024)
4 Global Market Growth Insights
4.1 Global Insect Farming Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2 Insect Farming Growth Insights by Regions
4.2.1 Insect Farming Market Size by Regions: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
4.2.2 Insect Farming Revenue Market Size by Regions (2019-2024)
4.2.3 Insect Farming Sales Market Size by Regions (2019-2024)
4.2.4 North America Insect Farming Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2.5 Europe Insect Farming Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2.6 Asia-Pacific Insect Farming Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2.7 Latin America Insect Farming Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2.8 Middle East & Africa Insect Farming Market Size (2019-2024)
5 North America
5.1 North America Insect Farming Revenue by Countries
5.1.1 North America Insect Farming Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
5.1.2 North America Insect Farming Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
5.2 North America PEST Analysis
5.3 United States
5.4 Canada
6 Asia Pacific
6.1 Asia Pacific Insect Farming Revenue by Countries
6.1.1 Asia Pacific Insect Farming Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
6.1.2 Asia Pacific Insect Farming Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
6.2 Asia-Pacific PEST Analysis
6.3 China
6.4 Japan
6.5 Korea
6.6 Southeast Asia
6.7 India
6.8 Australia
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Insect Farming Revenue by Countries
7.1.1 Europe Insect Farming Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
7.1.2 Europe Insect Farming Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
7.2 Europe PEST Analysis
7.3 Germany
7.4 France
7.5 UK
7.6 Italy
7.7 Russia
7.8 Spain
7.9 Nordic
8 Latin America
8.1 Latin America Insect Farming Revenue by Countries
8.1.1 Latin America Insect Farming Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
8.1.2 Latin America Insect Farming Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
8.2 Latin America PEST Analysis
8.3 Brazil
8.4 Argentina
8.5 Mexico
9 Middle East & Africa
9.1 Middle East & Africa Insect Farming Revenue by Countries
9.1.1 Middle East & Africa Insect Farming Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
9.1.2 Middle East & Africa Insect Farming Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
9.2 Middle East & Africa PEST Analysis
9.3 Egypt
9.4 South Africa
9.5 UAE
9.6 Turkey
9.7 Saudi Arabia
10 Global Insect Farming Market Competition, by Players
10.1 Global Insect Farming Revenue and Market Share by Players
10.2 Market Concentration Rate
10.2.1 Top 3 Insect Farming Players Market Share in 2023
10.2.2 Top 6 Insect Farming Players Market Share in 2023
10.2.3 Market Competition Trend
10.3 Insect Farming Players Head Office, Business Provided
10.4 Insect Farming Mergers & Acquisitions
10.5 Insect Farming New Entrants and Expansion Plans
11 Players Profiles
11.1 Entomo Farms
11.1.1 Entomo Farms Company Profile
11.1.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.1.3 Entomo Farms Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.1.4 Entomo Farms Business Overview
11.1.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.2 Aspire Food Group
11.2.1 Aspire Food Group Company Profile
11.2.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.2.3 Aspire Food Group Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.2.4 Aspire Food Group Business Overview
11.2.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.3 Bühler
11.3.1 Bühler Company Profile
11.3.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.3.3 Bühler Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.3.4 Bühler Business Overview
11.3.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.4 Kreca Ento-Feed BV
11.4.1 Kreca Ento-Feed BV Company Profile
11.4.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.4.3 Kreca Ento-Feed BV Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.4.4 Kreca Ento-Feed BV Business Overview
11.4.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.5 Armstrong Cricket Farm Georgia
11.5.1 Armstrong Cricket Farm Georgia Company Profile
11.5.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.5.3 Armstrong Cricket Farm Georgia Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.5.4 Armstrong Cricket Farm Georgia Business Overview
11.5.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.6 EntoCube
11.6.1 EntoCube Company Profile
11.6.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.6.3 EntoCube Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.6.4 EntoCube Business Overview
11.6.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.7 JR Unique Foods
11.7.1 JR Unique Foods Company Profile
11.7.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.7.3 JR Unique Foods Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.7.4 JR Unique Foods Business Overview
11.7.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.8 Protix
11.8.1 Protix Company Profile
11.8.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.8.3 Protix Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.8.4 Protix Business Overview
11.8.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.9 Entogama
11.9.1 Entogama Company Profile
11.9.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.9.3 Entogama Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.9.4 Entogama Business Overview
11.9.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.10 EIT Food
11.10.1 EIT Food Company Profile
11.10.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.10.3 EIT Food Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.10.4 EIT Food Business Overview
11.10.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.11 Viscon Group
11.11.1 Viscon Group Company Profile
11.11.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.11.3 Viscon Group Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.11.4 Viscon Group Business Overview
11.11.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.12 NextAlim SAS
11.12.1 NextAlim SAS Company Profile
11.12.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.12.3 NextAlim SAS Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.12.4 NextAlim SAS Business Overview
11.12.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.13 nextProtein SAS
11.13.1 nextProtein SAS Company Profile
11.13.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.13.3 nextProtein SAS Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.13.4 nextProtein SAS Business Overview
11.13.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.14 Protenga
11.14.1 Protenga Company Profile
11.14.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.14.3 Protenga Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.14.4 Protenga Business Overview
11.14.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.15 Ynsect
11.15.1 Ynsect Company Profile
11.15.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.15.3 Ynsect Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.15.4 Ynsect Business Overview
11.15.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.16 Thai Union Group
11.16.1 Thai Union Group Company Profile
11.16.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.16.3 Thai Union Group Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.16.4 Thai Union Group Business Overview
11.16.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.17 Deli Bugs
11.17.1 Deli Bugs Company Profile
11.17.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.17.3 Deli Bugs Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.17.4 Deli Bugs Business Overview
11.17.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.18 AgriProtein
11.18.1 AgriProtein Company Profile
11.18.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.18.3 AgriProtein Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.18.4 AgriProtein Business Overview
11.18.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.19 Cricket Lab Limited
11.19.1 Cricket Lab Limited Company Profile
11.19.2 Insect Farming Product Overview
11.19.3 Cricket Lab Limited Insect Farming Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.19.4 Cricket Lab Limited Business Overview
11.19.5 Recent Developments and Plans
12 Insect Farming Manufacturing Cost Analysis
12.1 Insect Farming Key Raw Materials Analysis
12.1.1 Key Raw Materials
12.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
12.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
12.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
12.2.1 Raw Materials
12.2.2 Labor Cost
12.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
12.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Insect Farming
12.4 Insect Farming Industrial Chain Analysis
13 Market Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Market Channel Status
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Insect Farming Typical Distributors
13.3 Insect Farming Typical Customers
14 Global Insect Farming Forecast Market Insights by Type
14.1 Global Insect Farming Revenue Market Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
14.2 Global Insect Farming Sales Market Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
15 Global Insect Farming Forecast Market Insights by Application
15.1 Insect Farming Revenue Market Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
15.2 Insect Farming Sales Market Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
16 Global Market Growth Forecast Insights
16.1 Global Insect Farming Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2 Insect Farming Growth Forecast Insights by Regions
16.2.1 Insect Farming Revenue Forecast Market Size by Regions (2024-2030)
16.2.2 Insect Farming Sales Forecast Market Size by Regions (2024-2030)
16.2.3 North America Insect Farming Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2.4 Europe Insect Farming Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2.5 Asia-Pacific Insect Farming Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2.6 Latin America Insect Farming Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2.7 Middle East & Africa Insect Farming Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
17 Research Findings and Conclusion
18 Methodology and Data Source
18.1 A Methodology
18.1.1 Research Process
18.1.2 Market Size Estimation
18.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
18.2 B Data Source
18.2.1 Legal Disclaimer

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Insect Farming Picture
Table Product Definition of Insect Farming
Table Global Insect Farming Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Insect Farming Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Figure Years Considered
Table Inflation Analysis
Table The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
Figure (COVID-19) Impact on Global Economic Growth 2019, 2020, 2021
Figure Population infected by the Covid-19 of Major Countries
Table Global Insect Farming Production by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Production Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Insect Farming in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Insect Farming in 2024
Table Global Insect Farming Revenue by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Revenue Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Insect Farming in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Insect Farming in 2024
Table Global Insect Farming Production Price by Players
Table Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)
Table Global Insect Farming Players Geographical Distribution
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Company Profiles
Table Entomo Farms Overview
Table Entomo Farms Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Entomo Farms Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Aspire Food Group Overview
Table Aspire Food Group Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Aspire Food Group Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Bühler Overview
Table Bühler Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Bühler Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Kreca Ento-Feed BV Overview
Table Kreca Ento-Feed BV Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Kreca Ento-Feed BV Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Armstrong Cricket Farm Georgia Overview
Table Armstrong Cricket Farm Georgia Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Armstrong Cricket Farm Georgia Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table EntoCube Overview
Table EntoCube Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table EntoCube Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table JR Unique Foods Overview
Table JR Unique Foods Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table JR Unique Foods Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Protix Overview
Table Protix Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Protix Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Entogama Overview
Table Entogama Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Entogama Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table EIT Food Overview
Table EIT Food Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table EIT Food Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Viscon Group Overview
Table Viscon Group Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Viscon Group Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table NextAlim SAS Overview
Table NextAlim SAS Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table NextAlim SAS Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table nextProtein SAS Overview
Table nextProtein SAS Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table nextProtein SAS Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Protenga Overview
Table Protenga Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Protenga Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Ynsect Overview
Table Ynsect Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Ynsect Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Thai Union Group Overview
Table Thai Union Group Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Thai Union Group Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Deli Bugs Overview
Table Deli Bugs Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Deli Bugs Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table AgriProtein Overview
Table AgriProtein Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table AgriProtein Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Cricket Lab Limited Overview
Table Cricket Lab Limited Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Cricket Lab Limited Related Developments
Table Global Insect Farming Production by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Production Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Forecasted Production by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Forecasted Production Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Value by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Value Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Forecasted Value by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Forecasted Value Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Price by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Price Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Consumption by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Consumption Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Forecasted Consumption by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Forecasted Consumption Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Forecasted Revenue by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Forecasted Revenue Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Price by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Price Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
Figure Global Insect Farming Production (2019-2030)
Figure Global Insect Farming Value (2019-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Production by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Insect Farming Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Historic Production Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Historic Value by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Historic Value Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Forecasted Production by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Forecasted Production Share by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Forecasted Value by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Forecasted Value Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Insect Farming Production (2019-2030)
Figure North America Insect Farming Value (2019-2030)
Table North America Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Europe Insect Farming Production (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Insect Farming Value (2019-2030)
Table Europe Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure China Insect Farming Production (2019-2030)
Figure China Insect Farming Value (2019-2030)
Table China Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Japan Insect Farming Production (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Insect Farming Value (2019-2030)
Table Japan Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global Insect Farming Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
Table Global Insect Farming Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Insect Farming Sales by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Sales Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Insect Farming Sales by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Insect Farming Sales Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Insect Farming Sales (2019-2030)
Table North America Insect Farming Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table North America Insect Farming Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure United States Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Canada Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Insect Farming Sales (2019-2030)
Table Europe Insect Farming Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Europe Insect Farming Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Germany Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure France Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.K. Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Italy Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Russia Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Asia-Pacific Insect Farming Sales (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Insect Farming Sales by Region (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Insect Farming Sales Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure China Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure South Korea Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure India Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Southeast Asia Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Australia Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Latin America Insect Farming Sales (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Insect Farming Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Insect Farming Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Mexico Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Brazil Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Middle East & Africa Insect Farming Sales (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Insect Farming Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Insect Farming Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Turkey Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Saudi Arabia Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.A.E Insect Farming Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Table Raw Material
Table Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Figure Sales Channels
Table Major Distributors of Insect Farming with Contact Information
Table Major Customers of Insect Farming with Contact Information
Table Research Process
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report