Market Analysis and Insights: Global Jumbo Bags Market
The global Jumbo Bags market size in 2023 is 6100.0 million US dollars, and it is expected to be 8135.9 million US dollars by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 4.2% expected in 2024-2030.

MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE:
The main players in the Jumbo Bags market include Berry Global Group, Inc., Greif Inc., Conitex Sonoco, AmeriGlobe L.L.C, and PT. WIHARTA KARYA AGUNG. The share of the top 3 players in the Jumbo Bags market is XX%.

REGION SHARE:
The report covers the market size information of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, and North America accounted for XX%, Europe accounted for XX% of Jumbo Bags market, and Asia Pacific accounted for XX%.

SEGMENT OVERVIEW:
The report segments the market by Type and Application. Less than 200 kg accounted for XX% of Jumbo Bags market in 2023. 200 kg to 750 kg share of XX%.
Building & Construction accounted for XX% of the Jumbo Bags market in 2023. Chemicals & Fertilizers accounts for XX%.

With industry-standard accuracy in analysis and high data integrity, the report makes a brilliant attempt to unveil key opportunities available in the global Jumbo Bags market to help players in achieving a strong market position. Buyers of the report can access verified and reliable market forecasts, including those for the overall size of the global Jumbo Bags market in terms of revenue.

On the whole, the report proves to be an effective tool that players can use to gain a competitive edge over their competitors and ensure lasting success in the global Jumbo Bags market. All of the findings, data, and information provided in the report are validated and revalidated with the help of trustworthy sources. The analysts who have authored the report took a unique and industry-best research and analysis approach for an in-depth study of the global Jumbo Bags market.

Global Jumbo Bags Scope and Market Size
Jumbo Bags market is segmented by company, region (country), by Type, and by Application. Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Jumbo Bags market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource.

The impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War on the Jumbo Bags industry is considered in the report, covering the dynamic analysis of the development of the Jumbo Bags industry, including trends, technologies, opportunities, constraints. To ensure report buyers are able to gain in-depth knowledge of the market.

Highlights-Regions

North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Spain
Nordic
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
UAE
Turkey
Saudi Arabia

Player list
Berry Global Group, Inc.
Greif Inc.
Conitex Sonoco
AmeriGlobe L.L.C
PT. WIHARTA KARYA AGUNG
BAG Corp
Halsted Corporation
Intertape Polymer Group
Emmbi Industries Ltd
LC Packaging International BV
Rishi FIBC Solutions Pvt. Ltd
Jumbo Bag Ltd.
Bulk Lift International
Sackmaker J&HM Dickson Ltd

Types list
Less than 200 kg
200 kg to 750 kg
750 kg to 1500 kg
Above 1500 kg

Application list
Building & Construction
Chemicals & Fertilizers
Food Products & Agriculture
Pharmaceuticals

Table of Content

1 Jumbo Bags Market Introduction and Overview
1.1 Jumbo Bags Definition
1.2 Research Purposes
1.3 Report Timeline
1.4 Economic Analysis of Global Regions
1.5 Jumbo Bags Industry Dynamic Analysis
1.5.1 Jumbo Bags Market Trends Analysis
1.5.2 Jumbo Bags Market Drivers Analysis
1.5.3 Jumbo Bags Market Challenges Analysis
1.5.4 Jumbo Bags Market Restraints Analysis
1.6 Inflation Analysis
1.7 The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
1.8 Coronavirus Disease 2020 (COVID-19) Impact on Global
2 Global Jumbo Bags Market Insights by Type
2.1 Market Size Insights by Types
2.2 Global Jumbo Bags Revenue and Share by Type
2.3 Global Jumbo Bags Sales and Share by Type
3 Global Jumbo Bags Market Insights by Application
3.1 Market Size Insights by Application
3.2 Global Jumbo Bags Revenue and Share by Application (2019-2024)
3.3 Global Jumbo Bags Sales and Share by Application (2019-2024)
4 Global Market Growth Insights
4.1 Global Jumbo Bags Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2 Jumbo Bags Growth Insights by Regions
4.2.1 Jumbo Bags Market Size by Regions: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
4.2.2 Jumbo Bags Revenue Market Size by Regions (2019-2024)
4.2.3 Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size by Regions (2019-2024)
4.2.4 North America Jumbo Bags Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2.5 Europe Jumbo Bags Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2.6 Asia-Pacific Jumbo Bags Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2.7 Latin America Jumbo Bags Market Size (2019-2024)
4.2.8 Middle East & Africa Jumbo Bags Market Size (2019-2024)
5 North America
5.1 North America Jumbo Bags Revenue by Countries
5.1.1 North America Jumbo Bags Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
5.1.2 North America Jumbo Bags Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
5.2 North America PEST Analysis
5.3 United States
5.4 Canada
6 Asia Pacific
6.1 Asia Pacific Jumbo Bags Revenue by Countries
6.1.1 Asia Pacific Jumbo Bags Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
6.1.2 Asia Pacific Jumbo Bags Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
6.2 Asia-Pacific PEST Analysis
6.3 China
6.4 Japan
6.5 Korea
6.6 Southeast Asia
6.7 India
6.8 Australia
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Jumbo Bags Revenue by Countries
7.1.1 Europe Jumbo Bags Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
7.1.2 Europe Jumbo Bags Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
7.2 Europe PEST Analysis
7.3 Germany
7.4 France
7.5 UK
7.6 Italy
7.7 Russia
7.8 Spain
7.9 Nordic
8 Latin America
8.1 Latin America Jumbo Bags Revenue by Countries
8.1.1 Latin America Jumbo Bags Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
8.1.2 Latin America Jumbo Bags Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
8.2 Latin America PEST Analysis
8.3 Brazil
8.4 Argentina
8.5 Mexico
9 Middle East & Africa
9.1 Middle East & Africa Jumbo Bags Revenue by Countries
9.1.1 Middle East & Africa Jumbo Bags Revenue by Countries (2019-2024)
9.1.2 Middle East & Africa Jumbo Bags Sales by Countries (2019-2024)
9.2 Middle East & Africa PEST Analysis
9.3 Egypt
9.4 South Africa
9.5 UAE
9.6 Turkey
9.7 Saudi Arabia
10 Global Jumbo Bags Market Competition, by Players
10.1 Global Jumbo Bags Revenue and Market Share by Players
10.2 Market Concentration Rate
10.2.1 Top 3 Jumbo Bags Players Market Share in 2023
10.2.2 Top 6 Jumbo Bags Players Market Share in 2023
10.2.3 Market Competition Trend
10.3 Jumbo Bags Players Head Office, Business Provided
10.4 Jumbo Bags Mergers & Acquisitions
10.5 Jumbo Bags New Entrants and Expansion Plans
11 Players Profiles
11.1 Berry Global Group, Inc.
11.1.1 Berry Global Group, Inc. Company Profile
11.1.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.1.3 Berry Global Group, Inc. Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.1.4 Berry Global Group, Inc. Business Overview
11.1.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.2 Greif Inc.
11.2.1 Greif Inc. Company Profile
11.2.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.2.3 Greif Inc. Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.2.4 Greif Inc. Business Overview
11.2.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.3 Conitex Sonoco
11.3.1 Conitex Sonoco Company Profile
11.3.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.3.3 Conitex Sonoco Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.3.4 Conitex Sonoco Business Overview
11.3.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.4 AmeriGlobe L.L.C
11.4.1 AmeriGlobe L.L.C Company Profile
11.4.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.4.3 AmeriGlobe L.L.C Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.4.4 AmeriGlobe L.L.C Business Overview
11.4.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.5 PT. WIHARTA KARYA AGUNG
11.5.1 PT. WIHARTA KARYA AGUNG Company Profile
11.5.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.5.3 PT. WIHARTA KARYA AGUNG Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.5.4 PT. WIHARTA KARYA AGUNG Business Overview
11.5.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.6 BAG Corp
11.6.1 BAG Corp Company Profile
11.6.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.6.3 BAG Corp Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.6.4 BAG Corp Business Overview
11.6.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.7 Halsted Corporation
11.7.1 Halsted Corporation Company Profile
11.7.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.7.3 Halsted Corporation Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.7.4 Halsted Corporation Business Overview
11.7.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.8 Intertape Polymer Group
11.8.1 Intertape Polymer Group Company Profile
11.8.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.8.3 Intertape Polymer Group Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.8.4 Intertape Polymer Group Business Overview
11.8.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.9 Emmbi Industries Ltd
11.9.1 Emmbi Industries Ltd Company Profile
11.9.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.9.3 Emmbi Industries Ltd Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.9.4 Emmbi Industries Ltd Business Overview
11.9.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.10 LC Packaging International BV
11.10.1 LC Packaging International BV Company Profile
11.10.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.10.3 LC Packaging International BV Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.10.4 LC Packaging International BV Business Overview
11.10.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.11 Rishi FIBC Solutions Pvt. Ltd
11.11.1 Rishi FIBC Solutions Pvt. Ltd Company Profile
11.11.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.11.3 Rishi FIBC Solutions Pvt. Ltd Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.11.4 Rishi FIBC Solutions Pvt. Ltd Business Overview
11.11.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.12 Jumbo Bag Ltd.
11.12.1 Jumbo Bag Ltd. Company Profile
11.12.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.12.3 Jumbo Bag Ltd. Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.12.4 Jumbo Bag Ltd. Business Overview
11.12.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.13 Bulk Lift International
11.13.1 Bulk Lift International Company Profile
11.13.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.13.3 Bulk Lift International Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.13.4 Bulk Lift International Business Overview
11.13.5 Recent Developments and Plans
11.14 Sackmaker J&HM Dickson Ltd
11.14.1 Sackmaker J&HM Dickson Ltd Company Profile
11.14.2 Jumbo Bags Product Overview
11.14.3 Sackmaker J&HM Dickson Ltd Jumbo Bags Market Performance (2019-2024)
11.14.4 Sackmaker J&HM Dickson Ltd Business Overview
11.14.5 Recent Developments and Plans
12 Jumbo Bags Manufacturing Cost Analysis
12.1 Jumbo Bags Key Raw Materials Analysis
12.1.1 Key Raw Materials
12.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
12.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
12.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
12.2.1 Raw Materials
12.2.2 Labor Cost
12.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
12.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Jumbo Bags
12.4 Jumbo Bags Industrial Chain Analysis
13 Market Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Market Channel Status
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Jumbo Bags Typical Distributors
13.3 Jumbo Bags Typical Customers
14 Global Jumbo Bags Forecast Market Insights by Type
14.1 Global Jumbo Bags Revenue Market Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
14.2 Global Jumbo Bags Sales Market Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
15 Global Jumbo Bags Forecast Market Insights by Application
15.1 Jumbo Bags Revenue Market Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
15.2 Jumbo Bags Sales Market Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
16 Global Market Growth Forecast Insights
16.1 Global Jumbo Bags Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2 Jumbo Bags Growth Forecast Insights by Regions
16.2.1 Jumbo Bags Revenue Forecast Market Size by Regions (2024-2030)
16.2.2 Jumbo Bags Sales Forecast Market Size by Regions (2024-2030)
16.2.3 North America Jumbo Bags Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2.4 Europe Jumbo Bags Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2.5 Asia-Pacific Jumbo Bags Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2.6 Latin America Jumbo Bags Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
16.2.7 Middle East & Africa Jumbo Bags Forecast Market Size (2024-2030)
17 Research Findings and Conclusion
18 Methodology and Data Source
18.1 A Methodology
18.1.1 Research Process
18.1.2 Market Size Estimation
18.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
18.2 B Data Source
18.2.1 Legal Disclaimer

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Jumbo Bags Picture
Table Product Definition of Jumbo Bags
Table Global Jumbo Bags Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Jumbo Bags Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Figure Years Considered
Table Inflation Analysis
Table The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
Figure (COVID-19) Impact on Global Economic Growth 2019, 2020, 2021
Figure Population infected by the Covid-19 of Major Countries
Table Global Jumbo Bags Production by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Production Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Jumbo Bags in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Jumbo Bags in 2024
Table Global Jumbo Bags Revenue by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Revenue Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Jumbo Bags in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Jumbo Bags in 2024
Table Global Jumbo Bags Production Price by Players
Table Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Players Geographical Distribution
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Company Profiles
Table Berry Global Group, Inc. Overview
Table Berry Global Group, Inc. Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Berry Global Group, Inc. Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Greif Inc. Overview
Table Greif Inc. Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Greif Inc. Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Conitex Sonoco Overview
Table Conitex Sonoco Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Conitex Sonoco Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table AmeriGlobe L.L.C Overview
Table AmeriGlobe L.L.C Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table AmeriGlobe L.L.C Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table PT. WIHARTA KARYA AGUNG Overview
Table PT. WIHARTA KARYA AGUNG Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table PT. WIHARTA KARYA AGUNG Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table BAG Corp Overview
Table BAG Corp Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table BAG Corp Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Halsted Corporation Overview
Table Halsted Corporation Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Halsted Corporation Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Intertape Polymer Group Overview
Table Intertape Polymer Group Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Intertape Polymer Group Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Emmbi Industries Ltd Overview
Table Emmbi Industries Ltd Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Emmbi Industries Ltd Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table LC Packaging International BV Overview
Table LC Packaging International BV Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table LC Packaging International BV Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Rishi FIBC Solutions Pvt. Ltd Overview
Table Rishi FIBC Solutions Pvt. Ltd Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Rishi FIBC Solutions Pvt. Ltd Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Jumbo Bag Ltd. Overview
Table Jumbo Bag Ltd. Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Jumbo Bag Ltd. Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Bulk Lift International Overview
Table Bulk Lift International Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Bulk Lift International Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Sackmaker J&HM Dickson Ltd Overview
Table Sackmaker J&HM Dickson Ltd Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Sackmaker J&HM Dickson Ltd Related Developments
Table Global Jumbo Bags Production by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Production Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Forecasted Production by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Forecasted Production Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Value by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Value Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Forecasted Value by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Forecasted Value Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Price by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Price Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Consumption by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Consumption Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Forecasted Consumption by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Forecasted Consumption Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Forecasted Revenue by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Forecasted Revenue Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Price by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Price Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
Figure Global Jumbo Bags Production (2019-2030)
Figure Global Jumbo Bags Value (2019-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Production by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Jumbo Bags Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Historic Production Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Historic Value by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Historic Value Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Forecasted Production by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Forecasted Production Share by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Forecasted Value by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Forecasted Value Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Jumbo Bags Production (2019-2030)
Figure North America Jumbo Bags Value (2019-2030)
Table North America Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Europe Jumbo Bags Production (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Jumbo Bags Value (2019-2030)
Table Europe Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure China Jumbo Bags Production (2019-2030)
Figure China Jumbo Bags Value (2019-2030)
Table China Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Japan Jumbo Bags Production (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Jumbo Bags Value (2019-2030)
Table Japan Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global Jumbo Bags Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
Table Global Jumbo Bags Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Jumbo Bags Sales by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Sales Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Sales by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Jumbo Bags Sales Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Jumbo Bags Sales (2019-2030)
Table North America Jumbo Bags Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table North America Jumbo Bags Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure United States Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Canada Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Jumbo Bags Sales (2019-2030)
Table Europe Jumbo Bags Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Europe Jumbo Bags Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Germany Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure France Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.K. Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Italy Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Russia Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Asia-Pacific Jumbo Bags Sales (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Jumbo Bags Sales by Region (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Jumbo Bags Sales Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure China Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure South Korea Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure India Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Southeast Asia Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Australia Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Latin America Jumbo Bags Sales (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Jumbo Bags Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Jumbo Bags Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Mexico Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Brazil Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Middle East & Africa Jumbo Bags Sales (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Jumbo Bags Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Jumbo Bags Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Turkey Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Saudi Arabia Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.A.E Jumbo Bags Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Table Raw Material
Table Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Figure Sales Channels
Table Major Distributors of Jumbo Bags with Contact Information
Table Major Customers of Jumbo Bags with Contact Information
Table Research Process
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report