The global Torsion Tester market size in 2023 is 25200.0 million US dollars, and it is expected to be 35458.9 million US dollars by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 5.0% expected in 2024-2030.

MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE:
The main players in the Torsion Tester market include Shimadzu Corporation, Test Resources, FORM+TEST GmbH, Gotech Testing Machines Inc., and Qualitest International Inc.. The share of the top 3 players in the Torsion Tester market is XX%.

REGION SHARE:
The report covers the market size information of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, and North America accounted for XX%, Europe accounted for XX% of Torsion Tester market, and Asia Pacific accounted for XX%.

SEGMENT OVERVIEW:
The report segments the market by Type and Application. Electromechanical Torsion Testers accounted for XX% of Torsion Tester market in 2023. Electric Torsion Testers share of XX%.
Torsion Tester for Building & Construction accounted for XX% of the Torsion Tester market in 2023. Torsion Tester for Automotive & Transportation accounts for XX%.

This Torsion Tester market report provides detailed information on latest developments, trade regulations, value chain optimization, market share, impact of domestic and local market players, analyzes emerging revenue sources, market regulation changes Opportunities in Aspects, Strategic Market Growth Analysis, Market Size, Category Market Growth, Application Areas and Dominance, Product Approvals, Product Launches, Geographic Expansion, Technological Innovations in the Market.

Torsion Tester market country level analysis
The countries covered in the Torsion Tester market report include the United States, Canada, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Russia, Japan, China, India, South Korea, Brazil, UAE, Saudi Arabia, etc.
The presence and availability of global brands and challenges due to intense or scarce competition from local and domestic brands, and trade routes are also considered while providing the predictive analysis of country data.

Competitive Landscape and Torsion Tester Market Share Analysis
Torsion Tester market competitive landscape provides details by competitors. The detailed information includes company profile, company financials, revenue generated, market potential, R&D investments, new market plans, global reach. The data points presented above relate only to companies relevant to the Torsion Tester market.

Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the product overview, market scope, product classification, and application division, and then includes research purposes, report timeline, and economic analysis of global regions.
Chapter 2: Analyzes the Torsion Tester manufacturing cost, including raw material analysis, manufacturing cost structure, and industrial chain.
Chapters 3-8: Provide Global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester market type, application and country market segmentation data.
Chapters 9-10: Segmented the global Torsion Tester market by type, and application. Analyze the revenue, sales and price of market segments from different perspectives.
Chapter 11: Introduces the market dynamics, the trends factors and drivers factors of the market, and the challenges and restraints faced by manufacturers in the industry, and includes industry mergers & acquisitions and industry new entrants and expansion plans.
Chapter 12: Analyzes the Torsion Tester industry chain, including marketing channels, distributors and major downstream buyers.
Chapter 13: Analyzes the main companies in the Torsion Tester industry, including their main businesses, products/services, sales, prices, revenue and gross margin.
Chapter 14: The main points and conclusions of the report.

Highlights-Regions

North America
United States
Canada
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Australia
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Spain
Nordic
Latin America
Brazil
Argentina
Colombia
Mexico
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
Israel
Turkey
GCC Countries

Player list
Shimadzu Corporation
Test Resources
FORM+TEST GmbH
Gotech Testing Machines Inc.
Qualitest International Inc.
Illinois Tool Works Inc.
Tinius Olsen TMC
Nordson Corporation

Types list
Electromechanical Torsion Testers
Electric Torsion Testers
Servo Hydraulic Torsion Testers

Application list
Torsion Tester for Building & Construction
Torsion Tester for Automotive & Transportation
Torsion Tester for Aerospace

Table of Content

1 Torsion Tester Market Introduction and Overview
1.1 Torsion Tester Definition
1.2 Market Size Analysis by Types
1.3 Market Size Analysis by Application
1.4 Research Purposes
1.5 Report Timeline
1.6 Economic Analysis of Global Regions
2 Torsion Tester Manufacturing Cost Analysis
2.1 Torsion Tester Key Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Key Raw Materials
2.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
2.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
2.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
2.2.1 Raw Materials
2.2.2 Labor Cost
2.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Torsion Tester
2.4 Torsion Tester Industrial Chain Analysis
3 Global Market Growth Trends Analysis
3.1 Global Torsion Tester Market Size & Forecast (2019-2030)
3.2 Torsion Tester Growth Trends Analysis by Regions
3.2.1 Torsion Tester Market Size by Regions: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
3.2.2 Torsion Tester Historic Market Size by Regions (2019-2024)
3.2.3 Torsion Tester Forecasted Market Size by Regions (2024-2030)
3.2.4 North America Torsion Tester Market Size & Forecast (2019-2030)
3.2.5 Europe Torsion Tester Market Size & Forecast (2019-2030)
3.2.6 Asia-Pacific Torsion Tester Market Size & Forecast (2019-2030)
3.2.7 Latin America Torsion Tester Market Size & Forecast (2019-2030)
3.2.8 Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Market Size & Forecast (2019-2030)
4 North America
4.1 North America Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries
4.1.1 North America Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries (2019-2030)
4.1.2 North America Torsion Tester Sales by Countries (2019-2030)
4.2 North America Torsion Tester Revenue by Players
4.3 North America Torsion Tester Sales by Types
4.4 North America Torsion Tester Sales by Applications
4.5 United States
4.6 Canada
5 Asia Pacific
5.1 Asia Pacific Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries
5.1.1 Asia Pacific Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries (2019-2030)
5.1.2 Asia Pacific Torsion Tester Sales by Countries (2019-2030)
5.2 Asia Pacific Torsion Tester Revenue by Players
5.3 Asia Pacific Torsion Tester Sales by Types
5.4 Asia Pacific Torsion Tester Sales by Applications
5.5 China
5.6 Japan
5.7 Korea
5.8 Southeast Asia
5.9 India
5.10 Australia
6 Europe
6.1 Europe Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries
6.1.1 Europe Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries (2019-2030)
6.1.2 Europe Torsion Tester Sales by Countries (2019-2030)
6.2 Europe Torsion Tester Revenue by Players
6.3 Europe Torsion Tester Sales by Types
6.4 Europe Torsion Tester Sales by Applications
6.5 Germany
6.6 France
6.7 UK
6.8 Italy
6.9 Russia
6.10 Spain
6.11 Nordic
7 Latin America
7.1 Latin America Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries
7.1.1 Latin America Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries (2019-2030)
7.1.2 Latin America Torsion Tester Sales by Countries (2019-2030)
7.2 Latin America Torsion Tester Revenue by Players
7.3 Latin America Torsion Tester Sales by Types
7.4 Latin America Torsion Tester Sales by Applications
7.5 Brazil
7.6 Argentina
7.7 Colombia
7.8 Mexico
8 Middle East & Africa
8.1 Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries
8.1.1 Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries (2019-2030)
8.1.2 Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Sales by Countries (2019-2030)
8.2 Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Revenue by Players
8.3 Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Sales by Types
8.4 Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Sales by Applications
8.5 Egypt
8.6 South Africa
8.7 Israel
8.8 Turkey
8.9 GCC Countries
9 Global Torsion Tester Historical and Forecast Market Analysis by Type
9.1 Global Torsion Tester Revenue and Market Share by Type
9.2 Global Torsion Tester Sales and Market Share by Type
9.3 Global Torsion Tester Revenue Market Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
9.4 Global Torsion Tester Sales Market Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
10 Global Torsion Tester Historical and Forecast Market Analysis by Application
10.1 Global Torsion Tester Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
10.2 Global Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
10.3 Torsion Tester Revenue Market Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
10.4 Torsion Tester Sales Market Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
11 Torsion Tester Industry Dynamic Analysis
11.1 Torsion Tester Market Trends Analysis
11.2 Torsion Tester Market Drivers Analysis
11.3 Torsion Tester Market Challenges Analysis
11.4 Torsion Tester Market Restraints Analysis
11.5 Torsion Tester Industry Mergers & Acquisitions
11.6 Torsion Tester Industry New Entrants and Expansion Plans
12 Market Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
12.1 Market Channel Status
12.1.1 Direct Marketing
12.1.2 Indirect Marketing
12.2 Torsion Tester Typical Distributors
12.3 Torsion Tester Typical Customers
13 Players Profiles13.1 Shimadzu Corporation
13.1.1 Shimadzu Corporation Company Profile
13.1.2 Torsion Tester Product Overview
13.1.3 Shimadzu Corporation Torsion Tester Market Performance (2019-2024)
13.1.4 Shimadzu Corporation Business Overview
13.2 Test Resources
13.2.1 Test Resources Company Profile
13.2.2 Torsion Tester Product Overview
13.2.3 Test Resources Torsion Tester Market Performance (2019-2024)
13.2.4 Test Resources Business Overview
13.3 FORM+TEST GmbH
13.3.1 FORM+TEST GmbH Company Profile
13.3.2 Torsion Tester Product Overview
13.3.3 FORM+TEST GmbH Torsion Tester Market Performance (2019-2024)
13.3.4 FORM+TEST GmbH Business Overview
13.4 Gotech Testing Machines Inc.
13.4.1 Gotech Testing Machines Inc. Company Profile
13.4.2 Torsion Tester Product Overview
13.4.3 Gotech Testing Machines Inc. Torsion Tester Market Performance (2019-2024)
13.4.4 Gotech Testing Machines Inc. Business Overview
13.5 Qualitest International Inc.
13.5.1 Qualitest International Inc. Company Profile
13.5.2 Torsion Tester Product Overview
13.5.3 Qualitest International Inc. Torsion Tester Market Performance (2019-2024)
13.5.4 Qualitest International Inc. Business Overview
13.6 Illinois Tool Works Inc.
13.6.1 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Company Profile
13.6.2 Torsion Tester Product Overview
13.6.3 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Torsion Tester Market Performance (2019-2024)
13.6.4 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Business Overview
13.7 Tinius Olsen TMC
13.7.1 Tinius Olsen TMC Company Profile
13.7.2 Torsion Tester Product Overview
13.7.3 Tinius Olsen TMC Torsion Tester Market Performance (2019-2024)
13.7.4 Tinius Olsen TMC Business Overview
13.8 Nordson Corporation
13.8.1 Nordson Corporation Company Profile
13.8.2 Torsion Tester Product Overview
13.8.3 Nordson Corporation Torsion Tester Market Performance (2019-2024)
13.8.4 Nordson Corporation Business Overview
14 Research Findings and Conclusion

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Torsion Tester Picture
Table Product Definition of Torsion Tester
Table Global Torsion Tester Market Size by Type (2024 VS 2030)
Table Global Torsion Tester Market Size by Application (2024 VS 2030)
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table Raw Materials Analysis
Table Labor Cost Analysis
Table Manufacturing Expenses Analysis
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Torsion Tester
Figure Torsion Tester Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure Global Torsion Tester Revenue Market Size & Forecast (2019-2030)
Figure Global Torsion Tester Sales Market Size & Forecast (2019-2030)
Table Torsion Tester Market Size by Regions: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Torsion Tester Historic Revenue Market Size by Regions (2019-2024)
Table Torsion Tester Historic Revenue Market Share by Regions (2019-2024)
Table Torsion Tester Historic Sales Market Size by Regions (2019-2024)
Table Torsion Tester Historic Sales Market Share by Regions (2019-2024)
Table Torsion Tester Forecasted Revenue Market Size by Regions (2024-2030)
Table Torsion Tester Forecasted Revenue Market Share by Regions (2024-2030)
Table Torsion Tester Forecasted Sales Market Size by Regions (2024-2030)
Table Torsion Tester Forecasted Sales Market Share by Regions (2024-2030)
Figure North America Torsion Tester Market Size & Forecast (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Torsion Tester Market Size & Forecast (2019-2030)
Figure Asia-Pacific Torsion Tester Market Size & Forecast (2019-2030)
Figure Latin America Torsion Tester Market Size & Forecast (2019-2030)
Figure Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Market Size & Forecast (2019-2030)
Table North America Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries (2019-2030)
Table North America Torsion Tester Revenue Market Share by Countries (2019-2030)
Table North America Torsion Tester Sales by Countries (2019-2030)
Table North America Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Countries (2019-2030)
Table North America Torsion Tester Revenue Share by Players 2023
Table North America Torsion Tester Sales by Types (2019-2024)
Table North America Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Types (2019-2024)
Table North America Torsion Tester Sales by Applications (2019-2024)
Table North America Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Applications (2019-2024)
Figure United States Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure United States Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Canada Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Canada Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Table Asia-Pacific Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Asia-Pacific Torsion Tester Revenue Market Share by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Asia-Pacific Torsion Tester Sales by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Asia-Pacific Torsion Tester Revenue Market Share by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Torsion Tester Revenue Share by Players 2023
Table Asia Pacific Torsion Tester Sales by Types (2019-2024)
Table Asia Pacific Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Types (2019-2024)
Table Asia Pacific Torsion Tester Sales by Applications (2019-2024)
Table Asia Pacific Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Applications (2019-2024)
Figure China Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure China Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Korea Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Korea Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Southeast Asia Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Southeast Asia Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure India Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure India Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Australia Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Australia Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Table Europe Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Europe Torsion Tester Revenue Market Share by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Europe Torsion Tester Sales by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Europe Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Europe Torsion Tester Revenue Share by Players 2023
Table Europe Torsion Tester Sales by Types (2019-2024)
Table Europe Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Types (2019-2024)
Table Europe Torsion Tester Sales by Applications (2019-2024)
Table Europe Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Applications (2019-2024)
Figure Germany Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Germany Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure France Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure France Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure UK Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure UK Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Italy Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Italy Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Russia Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Russia Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Spain Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Spain Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Nordic Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Nordic Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Torsion Tester Revenue Market Share by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Torsion Tester Sales by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Torsion Tester Revenue Share by Players 2023
Table Latin America Torsion Tester Sales by Types (2019-2024)
Table Latin America Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Types (2019-2024)
Table Latin America Torsion Tester Sales by Applications (2019-2024)
Table Latin America Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Applications (2019-2024)
Figure Brazil Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Brazil Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Argentina Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Argentina Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Colombia Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Colombia Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Mexico Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Mexico Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Table Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Revenue by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Revenue Market Share by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Sales by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Countries (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Torsion Tester Revenue Share by Players 2023
Table Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Sales by Types (2019-2024)
Table Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Types (2019-2024)
Table Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Sales by Applications (2019-2024)
Table Middle East & Africa Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Applications (2019-2024)
Figure Egypt Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Egypt Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure South Africa Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure South Africa Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Israel Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Israel Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Turkey Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure Turkey Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure GCC Countries Torsion Tester Revenue and Growth (2019-2030)
Figure GCC Countries Torsion Tester Sales and Growth (2019-2030)
Table Global Torsion Tester Revenue and Market Size by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Torsion Tester Revenue and Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Torsion Tester Sales and Market Size by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Torsion Tester Sales and Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Torsion Tester Revenue Market Size Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Torsion Tester Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Torsion Tester Sales Market Size Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Torsion Tester Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
Figure Global Torsion Tester Market Size and Growth by {Type 1} (2019-2030)
Figure Global Torsion Tester Market Size and Growth by {Type 2} (2019-2030)
Table Global Torsion Tester Revenue Market Size by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Torsion Tester Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Torsion Tester Sales Market Size by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Torsion Tester Revenue Market Size by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Torsion Tester Revenue Market Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Torsion Tester Sales Market Size by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Torsion Tester Sales Market Share by Application (2024-2030)
Figure Global Torsion Tester Market Size and Growth by {Application 1} (2019-2030)
Figure Global Torsion Tester Market Size and Growth by {Application 2} (2019-2030)
Table Market Trends Analysis
Table Market Drivers Analysis
Table Market Challenges Analysis
Table Market Restraints Analysis
Table Market Mergers & Acquisitions
Table Market New Entrants and Expansion Plans
Table Distributors of Torsion Tester with Contact Information
Table Major Customers of Torsion Tester with Contact Information
Table Shimadzu Corporation Profile
Table Product Overview
Table Shimadzu Corporation Torsion Tester Sales, Price, Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Figure Shimadzu Corporation Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Shimadzu Corporation Revenue Market Share 2019-2024
Table Business Overview
Table Test Resources Profile
Table Product Overview
Table Test Resources Torsion Tester Sales, Price, Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Figure Test Resources Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Test Resources Revenue Market Share 2019-2024
Table Business Overview
Table FORM+TEST GmbH Profile
Table Product Overview
Table FORM+TEST GmbH Torsion Tester Sales, Price, Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Figure FORM+TEST GmbH Sales and Growth Rate
Figure FORM+TEST GmbH Revenue Market Share 2019-2024
Table Business Overview
Table Gotech Testing Machines Inc. Profile
Table Product Overview
Table Gotech Testing Machines Inc. Torsion Tester Sales, Price, Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Figure Gotech Testing Machines Inc. Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Gotech Testing Machines Inc. Revenue Market Share 2019-2024
Table Business Overview
Table Qualitest International Inc. Profile
Table Product Overview
Table Qualitest International Inc. Torsion Tester Sales, Price, Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Figure Qualitest International Inc. Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Qualitest International Inc. Revenue Market Share 2019-2024
Table Business Overview
Table Illinois Tool Works Inc. Profile
Table Product Overview
Table Illinois Tool Works Inc. Torsion Tester Sales, Price, Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Figure Illinois Tool Works Inc. Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Illinois Tool Works Inc. Revenue Market Share 2019-2024
Table Business Overview
Table Tinius Olsen TMC Profile
Table Product Overview
Table Tinius Olsen TMC Torsion Tester Sales, Price, Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Figure Tinius Olsen TMC Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Tinius Olsen TMC Revenue Market Share 2019-2024
Table Business Overview
Table Nordson Corporation Profile
Table Product Overview
Table Nordson Corporation Torsion Tester Sales, Price, Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Figure Nordson Corporation Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Nordson Corporation Revenue Market Share 2019-2024
Table Business Overview
Table Research Findings and Conclusion