The global Packaged Salad market size in 2023 is 11965.8 million US dollars, and it is expected to be 20242.9 million US dollars by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 7.8% expected in 2024-2030.
MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE:
The main players in the Packaged Salad market include Dole plc, Bonduelle S.A., Fresh Del Monte Produce Inc. (Mann Packing Co., Inc.), BrightFarms, Inc. (Cox Enterprises Inc.), and Taylor Fresh Foods. The share of the top 3 players in the Packaged Salad market is XX%.
REGION SHARE:
The report covers the market size information of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, and North America accounted for XX%, Europe accounted for XX% of Packaged Salad market, and Asia Pacific accounted for XX%.
SEGMENT OVERVIEW:
The report segments the market by Type and Application. Packaged Greens accounted for XX% of Packaged Salad market in 2023. Packaged Kits share of XX%.
Offline accounted for XX% of the Packaged Salad market in 2023. Online accounts for XX%.
The report includes the analysis of impact of COVID-19 lock-down on the revenue of market leaders, followers, and disrupters. Since lock down was implemented differently in different regions and countries, impact of same is also different by regions and segments. The report has covered the current short term and long term impact on the market, same will help decision makers to prepare the outline for short term and long term strategies for companies by region.
The objective of the report is to present a comprehensive assessment of the market and contains thoughtful insights, facts, historical data, industry-validated market data and projections with a suitable set of assumptions and methodology. The report also helps in understanding Global Packaged Salad Market dynamics, structure by identifying and analyzing the market segments and project the global market size.
In addition, the market SWOT analysis, dynamics, trends, technologies, opportunities and challenges analysis are covered in the report.
Further, the report also focuses on the competitive analysis of key players by product, financial position, product portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the product overview, market scope, product classification, application, and regional division, and then includes inflation analysis, the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war on the market, and the global impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Chapter 2: Analysis of the competitive environment of Packaged Salad market participants. This mainly includes the revenue, sales, market share, and average price of the top players, along with the players” M&A and expansion in recent years.
Chapter 3: Analyzes the main companies in the Packaged Salad industry, including their main businesses, products/services, sales, prices, revenue, gross margin, and the latest developments.
Chapters 4-5: Segmented the global Packaged Salad market by type, and application. Analyze the revenue, sales and price of market segments from different perspectives.
Chapters 6-7: Provide global Packaged Salad market production status and consumption status by region.
Chapters 8-12: Provide North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa Packaged Salad market country segmentation data.
Chapter 13: Analyzes the Packaged Salad industry chain, including raw material analysis, sales and marketing, distributors and major downstream buyers.
Chapter 14: Introduces the market dynamics, the trends factors and drivers factors of the market, and the challenges and restraints faced by manufacturers in the industry, and includes market technology analysis.
Chapter 15: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Chapter 16: Concludes with an explanation of the data sources and research methods.
Highlights-Regions
North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
Latin America
Brazil
Argentina
Mexico
MEA
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Turkey
Player list
Dole plc
Bonduelle S.A.
Fresh Del Monte Produce Inc. (Mann Packing Co., Inc.)
BrightFarms, Inc. (Cox Enterprises Inc.)
Taylor Fresh Foods
Fresh Express, Incorporated (Chiquita Brands International Sarl)
Misionero
Gotham Greens Holdings, LLC
Organicgirl, LLC
Types list
Packaged Greens
Packaged Kits
Application list
Offline
Online
Table of Content
1 Study Coverage
1.1 Packaged Salad Product Introduction
1.2 Market by Type
1.2.1 Global Packaged Salad Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Packaged Salad Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
1.6 Currency Exchange Rate
1.7 Inflation Analysis
1.8 The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
1.9 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Impact on Global
2 Competition by Players
2.1 Global Packaged Salad Sales by Players
2.1.1 Global Packaged Salad Sales by Players (2019-2024)
2.1.2 Global Packaged Salad Sales Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
2.1.3 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Players of Packaged Salad in 2024
2.2 Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Players
2.2.1 Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Players (2019-2024)
2.2.2 Global Packaged Salad Revenue Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
2.2.3 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Companies by Packaged Salad Revenue in 2024
2.3 Global Packaged Salad Sales Price by Players
2.4 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
2.4.1 Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)
2.4.2 Global Packaged Salad Players Geographical Distribution
2.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
3 Company Overview
3.1 Dole plc
3.1.1 Dole plc Information
3.1.2 Dole plc Overview
3.1.3 Dole plc Packaged Salad Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.1.4 Dole plc Related Developments
3.2 Bonduelle S.A.
3.2.1 Bonduelle S.A. Information
3.2.2 Bonduelle S.A. Overview
3.2.3 Bonduelle S.A. Packaged Salad Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.2.4 Bonduelle S.A. Related Developments
3.3 Fresh Del Monte Produce Inc. (Mann Packing Co., Inc.)
3.3.1 Fresh Del Monte Produce Inc. (Mann Packing Co., Inc.) Information
3.3.2 Fresh Del Monte Produce Inc. (Mann Packing Co., Inc.) Overview
3.3.3 Fresh Del Monte Produce Inc. (Mann Packing Co., Inc.) Packaged Salad Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.3.4 Fresh Del Monte Produce Inc. (Mann Packing Co., Inc.) Related Developments
3.4 BrightFarms, Inc. (Cox Enterprises Inc.)
3.4.1 BrightFarms, Inc. (Cox Enterprises Inc.) Information
3.4.2 BrightFarms, Inc. (Cox Enterprises Inc.) Overview
3.4.3 BrightFarms, Inc. (Cox Enterprises Inc.) Packaged Salad Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.4.4 BrightFarms, Inc. (Cox Enterprises Inc.) Related Developments
3.5 Taylor Fresh Foods
3.5.1 Taylor Fresh Foods Information
3.5.2 Taylor Fresh Foods Overview
3.5.3 Taylor Fresh Foods Packaged Salad Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.5.4 Taylor Fresh Foods Related Developments
3.6 Fresh Express, Incorporated (Chiquita Brands International Sarl)
3.6.1 Fresh Express, Incorporated (Chiquita Brands International Sarl) Information
3.6.2 Fresh Express, Incorporated (Chiquita Brands International Sarl) Overview
3.6.3 Fresh Express, Incorporated (Chiquita Brands International Sarl) Packaged Salad Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.6.4 Fresh Express, Incorporated (Chiquita Brands International Sarl) Related Developments
3.7 Misionero
3.7.1 Misionero Information
3.7.2 Misionero Overview
3.7.3 Misionero Packaged Salad Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.7.4 Misionero Related Developments
3.8 Gotham Greens Holdings, LLC
3.8.1 Gotham Greens Holdings, LLC Information
3.8.2 Gotham Greens Holdings, LLC Overview
3.8.3 Gotham Greens Holdings, LLC Packaged Salad Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.8.4 Gotham Greens Holdings, LLC Related Developments
3.9 Organicgirl, LLC
3.9.1 Organicgirl, LLC Information
3.9.2 Organicgirl, LLC Overview
3.9.3 Organicgirl, LLC Packaged Salad Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.9.4 Organicgirl, LLC Related Developments
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Global Packaged Salad Sales by Type
4.1.1 Global Packaged Salad Sales by Type (2019-2024)
4.1.2 Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Sales by Type (2024-2030)
4.2 Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Type
4.2.1 Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
4.2.2 Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Revenue by Type (2024-2030)
4.3 Global Packaged Salad Price by Type
4.3.1 Global Packaged Salad Price by Type (2019-2024)
4.3.2 Global Packaged Salad Price Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Global Packaged Salad Sales by Application
5.1.1 Global Packaged Salad Sales by Application (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Sales by Application (2024-2030)
5.2 Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Application
5.2.1 Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Revenue by Application (2024-2030)
5.3 Global Packaged Salad Price by Application
5.3.1 Global Packaged Salad Price by Application (2019-2024)
5.3.2 Global Packaged Salad Price Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
6 Global Packaged Salad Production
6.1 Global Packaged Salad Production (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Packaged Salad Production by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
6.3 Global Packaged Salad Production by Region
6.3.1 Global Packaged Salad Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
6.3.2 Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Production by Region (2024-2030)
6.4 North America
6.5 Europe
6.6 China
6.7 Japan
7 Global Packaged Salad Market Insights Estimates and Forecasts
7.1 Global Packaged Salad Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
7.2 Global Packaged Salad Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
7.3 Global Packaged Salad Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
7.4 Global Packaged Salad Sales by Region
7.4.1 Global Packaged Salad Sales by Region (2019-2024)
7.4.2 Global Packaged Salad Sales by Region (2024-2030)
7.5 Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Region
7.5.1 Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Region (2019-2024)
7.5.2 Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Region (2024-2030)
7.6 North America
7.7 Europe
7.8 Asia-Pacific
7.9 Latin America
7.10 Middle East & Africa
8 North America
8.1 North America Packaged Salad Market Size by Country
8.1.1 North America Packaged Salad Sales by Country (2019-2030)
8.1.2 North America Packaged Salad Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
8.1.3 U.S.
8.1.4 Canada
9 Europe
9.1 Europe Packaged Salad Market Size by Country
9.1.1 Europe Packaged Salad Sales by Country (2019-2030)
9.1.2 Europe Packaged Salad Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
9.1.3 Germany
9.1.4 France
9.1.5 U.K.
9.1.6 Italy
9.1.7 Russia
10 Asia Pacific
10.1 Asia Pacific Packaged Salad Market Size by Region
10.1.1 Asia Pacific Packaged Salad Sales by Region (2019-2030)
10.1.2 Asia Pacific Packaged Salad Revenue by Region (2019-2030)
10.1.3 China
10.1.4 Japan
10.1.5 South Korea
10.1.6 India
10.1.7 Southeast Asia
10.1.8 Australia
11 Latin America
11.1 Latin America Packaged Salad Market Size by Country
11.1.1 Latin America Packaged Salad Sales by Country (2019-2030)
11.1.2 Latin America Packaged Salad Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
11.1.3 Mexico
11.1.4 Brazil
12 Middle East and Africa
12.1 Middle East and Africa Packaged Salad Market Size by Country
12.1.1 Middle East and Africa Packaged Salad Sales by Country (2019-2030)
12.1.2 Middle East and Africa Packaged Salad Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
12.1.3 Turkey
12.1.4 Saudi Arabia
12.1.5 U.A.E
13 Value Chain and Channels Analysis
13.1 Packaged Salad Value Chain Analysis
13.2 Packaged Salad Key Raw Materials
13.2.1 Key Raw Materials
13.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
13.3 Packaged Salad Production Mode & Process
13.4 Packaged Salad Sales and Marketing
13.4.1 Packaged Salad Sales Channels
13.4.2 Packaged Salad Distributors
13.5 Packaged Salad Customers
14 Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Risks Factors Analysis
14.1 Packaged Salad Industry Trends
14.2 Packaged Salad Market Drivers
14.3 Packaged Salad Market Challenges
14.4 Packaged Salad Market Restraints
14.5 Packaged Salad Market Technology Analysis
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Methodology and Data Source
16.1 Methodology
16.1.1 Research Process
16.1.2 Market Size Estimation
16.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
16.2 Data Source
16.2.1 Legal Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Packaged Salad Picture
Table Product Definition of Packaged Salad
Table Global Packaged Salad Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Packaged Salad Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Figure Years Considered
Table Inflation Analysis
Table The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
Figure (COVID-19) Impact on Global Economic Growth 2019, 2020, 2021
Figure Population infected by the Covid-19 of Major Countries
Table Global Packaged Salad Sales by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Sales Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Packaged Salad in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Packaged Salad in 2024
Table Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Revenue Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Packaged Salad in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Packaged Salad in 2024
Table Global Packaged Salad Sales Price by Players
Table Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)
Table Global Packaged Salad Players Geographical Distribution
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Company Profiles
Table Dole plc Overview
Table Dole plc Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Dole plc Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Bonduelle S.A. Overview
Table Bonduelle S.A. Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Bonduelle S.A. Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Fresh Del Monte Produce Inc. (Mann Packing Co., Inc.) Overview
Table Fresh Del Monte Produce Inc. (Mann Packing Co., Inc.) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Fresh Del Monte Produce Inc. (Mann Packing Co., Inc.) Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table BrightFarms, Inc. (Cox Enterprises Inc.) Overview
Table BrightFarms, Inc. (Cox Enterprises Inc.) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table BrightFarms, Inc. (Cox Enterprises Inc.) Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Taylor Fresh Foods Overview
Table Taylor Fresh Foods Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Taylor Fresh Foods Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Fresh Express, Incorporated (Chiquita Brands International Sarl) Overview
Table Fresh Express, Incorporated (Chiquita Brands International Sarl) Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Fresh Express, Incorporated (Chiquita Brands International Sarl) Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Misionero Overview
Table Misionero Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Misionero Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Gotham Greens Holdings, LLC Overview
Table Gotham Greens Holdings, LLC Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Gotham Greens Holdings, LLC Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Organicgirl, LLC Overview
Table Organicgirl, LLC Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Organicgirl, LLC Related Developments
Table Global Packaged Salad Sales by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Sales Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Sales by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Sales Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Revenue by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Revenue Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Price by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Price Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Sales by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Sales Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Sales by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Sales Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Revenue by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Revenue Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Price by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Price Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
Figure Global Packaged Salad Production (2019-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Production by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Packaged Salad Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Historic Production Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Production by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Forecasted Production Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Packaged Salad Production (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Packaged Salad Production (2019-2030)
Figure China Packaged Salad Production (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Packaged Salad Production (2019-2030)
Figure Global Packaged Salad Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
Figure Global Packaged Salad Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
Table Global Packaged Salad Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Packaged Salad Sales by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Sales Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Sales by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Sales Share by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Revenue Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Packaged Salad Revenue by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Packaged Salad Revenue Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Packaged Salad Sales (2019-2030)
Figure North America Packaged Salad Revenue (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Packaged Salad Sales (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Packaged Salad Revenue (2019-2030)
Figure Asia-Pacific Packaged Salad Sales (2019-2030)
Figure Asia-Pacific Packaged Salad Revenue (2019-2030)
Figure Latin America Packaged Salad Sales (2019-2030)
Figure Latin America Packaged Salad Revenue (2019-2030)
Figure Middle East & Africa Packaged Salad Sales (2019-2030)
Figure Middle East & Africa Packaged Salad Revenue (2019-2030)
Table North America Packaged Salad Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table North America Packaged Salad Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Table North America Packaged Salad Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
Table North America Packaged Salad Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure United States Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure United States Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Canada Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Canada Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Table Europe Packaged Salad Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Europe Packaged Salad Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Table Europe Packaged Salad Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
Table Europe Packaged Salad Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Germany Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Germany Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure France Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure France Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.K. Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.K. Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Italy Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Italy Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Russia Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Russia Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Packaged Salad Sales by Region (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Packaged Salad Sales Share by Region (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Packaged Salad Revenue by Region (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Packaged Salad Revenue Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure China Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure China Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure South Korea Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure South Korea Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure India Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure India Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Southeast Asia Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Southeast Asia Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Australia Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Australia Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Packaged Salad Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Packaged Salad Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Packaged Salad Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Packaged Salad Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Mexico Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Mexico Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Brazil Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Brazil Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Packaged Salad Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Packaged Salad Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Packaged Salad Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Packaged Salad Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Turkey Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Turkey Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Saudi Arabia Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Saudi Arabia Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.A.E Packaged Salad Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.A.E Packaged Salad Revenue Market Size (2019-2030)
Table Raw Material
Table Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Figure Sales Channels
Table Major Distributors of Packaged Salad with Contact Information
Table Major Customers of Packaged Salad with Contact Information
Table Research Process
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report