The research time span covered by the report is from 2019 to 2030; it provides an overview of the Global Disposable Incontinence Products Market and also provides a deeper in-depth segmentation of the market by regions, product type and downstream industries.
The global Disposable Incontinence Products market size in 2023 is 12413.7 million US dollars, and it is expected to be 18789.2 million US dollars by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 6.1% expected in 2024-2030.
MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE:
The main players in the Disposable Incontinence Products market include Asahi Kasei Corporation, Berry Global Group, Inc., Cardinal Health, Inc., Domtar, Inc., and First Quality Enterprises, Inc.. The share of the top 3 players in the Disposable Incontinence Products market is XX%.
REGION SHARE:
The report covers the market size information of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, and North America accounted for XX%, Europe accounted for XX% of Disposable Incontinence Products market, and Asia Pacific accounted for XX%.
SEGMENT OVERVIEW:
The report segments the market by Type and Application. Stress Urinary Incontinence accounted for XX% of Disposable Incontinence Products market in 2023. Urge Urinary Incontinence share of XX%.
Disposable Diapers accounted for XX% of the Disposable Incontinence Products market in 2023. Disposable Underwear accounts for XX%.
For competitive landscape, prominent players with considerable market shares are comprehensively analyzed in this report. With information regarding the concentration ratio and detailed data reflecting the market performance of each player shared, the readers can acquire a holistic view of the competitive situation and a better understanding of their competitors.
As the COVID-19 takes over the world, we are continuously tracking the changes in the markets. We analyzed the impact of the pandemic in detail, along with other key factors, such as macro-economy, regional conflicts, industry related news and policies. Meanwhile, market investment scenario, technology status and developments, supply chain challenges, among other essential research elements are all covered.
Key Factors Considered:
COVID-19
The report describes the market scenario during and post the pandemic in the vision of upstream, major market participants, downstream major customers, etc. Other aspects, such as changes in consumer behavior, demand, transport capacity, trade flow under COVID-19, have also been taken into consideration during the process of the research.
Regional Conflict / Russia-Ukraine War
The report also presents the impact of regional conflict on this market in an effort to aid the readers to understand how the market has been adversely influenced and how it”s going to evolve in the years to come.
Challenges & Opportunities
Factors that may help create opportunities and boost profits for market players, as well as challenges that may restrain or even pose a threat to the development of the players, are revealed in the report, which can shed a light on strategic decisions and implementation.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the product overview, market scope, product classification, application, and regional division, and then includes inflation analysis, the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war on the market, and the global impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Chapter 2: Analysis of the competitive environment of Disposable Incontinence Products market participants. This mainly includes the revenue, production, market share, and average price of the top players, along with the players” M&A and expansion in recent years.
Chapter 3: Analyzes the main companies in the Disposable Incontinence Products industry, including their main businesses, products/services, production, prices, value, gross margin, and the latest developments.
Chapters 4-5: Segmented the global Disposable Incontinence Products market by type, and application. Analyze the value, volume and price of market segments from different perspectives.
Chapters 6-7: Provide global Disposable Incontinence Products market production status, consumption status and SWOT Analysis by region.
Chapter 8: Analyzes the Disposable Incontinence Products industry chain, including raw material analysis, sales and marketing, distributors and major downstream buyers.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, the trends factors and drivers factors of the market, and the challenges and restraints faced by manufacturers in the industry, and includes market technology analysis.
Chapter 10: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Chapter 11: Concludes with an explanation of the data sources and research methods.
Highlights-Regions
North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Spain
Nordic
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
UAE
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
Player list
Asahi Kasei Corporation
Berry Global Group, Inc.
Cardinal Health, Inc.
Domtar, Inc.
First Quality Enterprises, Inc.
Freudenberg SE
Georgia-Pacific LLC (Koch Industries, Inc)
Kimberly-Clark Corporation
Unicharm Corporation
Ahlstrom
Types list
Stress Urinary Incontinence
Urge Urinary Incontinence
Overflow Urinary Incontinence
Functional Urinary Incontinence
Application list
Disposable Diapers
Disposable Underwear
Disposable Shields
Disposable Underpads
Others
Table of Content
1 Study Coverage
1.1 Disposable Incontinence Products Product Introduction
1.2 Market by Type
1.2.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
1.6 Inflation Analysis
1.7 The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
1.8 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Impact on Global
2 Competition by Players
2.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production by Players
2.1.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production by Players (2019-2024)
2.1.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
2.1.3 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Players of Disposable Incontinence Products in 2024
2.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Revenue by Players
2.2.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Revenue by Players (2019-2024)
2.2.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Revenue Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
2.2.3 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Companies by Disposable Incontinence Products Revenue in 2024
2.3 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production Price by Players
2.4 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
2.4.1 Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)
2.4.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Players Geographical Distribution
2.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
3 Company Overview
3.1 Asahi Kasei Corporation
3.1.1 Asahi Kasei Corporation Information
3.1.2 Asahi Kasei Corporation Overview
3.1.3 Asahi Kasei Corporation Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.1.4 Asahi Kasei Corporation Related Developments
3.2 Berry Global Group, Inc.
3.2.1 Berry Global Group, Inc. Information
3.2.2 Berry Global Group, Inc. Overview
3.2.3 Berry Global Group, Inc. Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.2.4 Berry Global Group, Inc. Related Developments
3.3 Cardinal Health, Inc.
3.3.1 Cardinal Health, Inc. Information
3.3.2 Cardinal Health, Inc. Overview
3.3.3 Cardinal Health, Inc. Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.3.4 Cardinal Health, Inc. Related Developments
3.4 Domtar, Inc.
3.4.1 Domtar, Inc. Information
3.4.2 Domtar, Inc. Overview
3.4.3 Domtar, Inc. Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.4.4 Domtar, Inc. Related Developments
3.5 First Quality Enterprises, Inc.
3.5.1 First Quality Enterprises, Inc. Information
3.5.2 First Quality Enterprises, Inc. Overview
3.5.3 First Quality Enterprises, Inc. Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.5.4 First Quality Enterprises, Inc. Related Developments
3.6 Freudenberg SE
3.6.1 Freudenberg SE Information
3.6.2 Freudenberg SE Overview
3.6.3 Freudenberg SE Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.6.4 Freudenberg SE Related Developments
3.7 Georgia-Pacific LLC (Koch Industries, Inc)
3.7.1 Georgia-Pacific LLC (Koch Industries, Inc) Information
3.7.2 Georgia-Pacific LLC (Koch Industries, Inc) Overview
3.7.3 Georgia-Pacific LLC (Koch Industries, Inc) Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.7.4 Georgia-Pacific LLC (Koch Industries, Inc) Related Developments
3.8 Kimberly-Clark Corporation
3.8.1 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Information
3.8.2 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Overview
3.8.3 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.8.4 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Related Developments
3.9 Unicharm Corporation
3.9.1 Unicharm Corporation Information
3.9.2 Unicharm Corporation Overview
3.9.3 Unicharm Corporation Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.9.4 Unicharm Corporation Related Developments
3.10 Ahlstrom
3.10.1 Ahlstrom Information
3.10.2 Ahlstrom Overview
3.10.3 Ahlstrom Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.10.4 Ahlstrom Related Developments
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production by Type
4.1.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production by Type (2019-2024)
4.1.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Production by Type (2024-2030)
4.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Value by Type
4.2.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Value by Type (2019-2024)
4.2.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Value by Type (2024-2030)
4.3 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Price by Type
4.3.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Price by Type (2019-2024)
4.3.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Price Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Consumption by Application
5.1.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Consumption by Application (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Consumption by Application (2024-2030)
5.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Revenue by Application
5.2.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Revenue by Application (2024-2030)
5.3 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Price by Application
5.3.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Price by Application (2019-2024)
5.3.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Price Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
6 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production
6.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
6.3 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production by Region
6.3.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
6.3.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Historic Value by Region (2019-2024)
6.3.3 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Production by Region (2024-2030)
6.3.4 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Value by Region (2024-2030)
6.4 North America
6.4.1 North America Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
6.4.2 North America SWOT Analysis
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 Europe Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
6.5.2 Europe SWOT Analysis
6.6 China
6.6.1 China Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
6.6.2 China SWOT Analysis
6.7 Japan
6.7.1 Japan Disposable Incontinence Products Production, Price, Value and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
6.7.2 Japan SWOT Analysis
7 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Market Insights Estimates and Forecasts
7.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
7.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
7.3 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Region
7.3.1 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Region (2019-2024)
7.3.2 Global Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Region (2024-2030)
7.4 North America
7.4.1 North America Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.4.2 U.S.
7.4.3 Canada
7.5 Europe
7.5.1 Europe Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.5.2 Germany
7.5.3 France
7.5.4 U.K.
7.5.5 Italy
7.5.6 Russia
7.6 Asia-Pacific
7.6.1 Asia Pacific Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Region (2019-2030)
7.6.2 China
7.6.3 Japan
7.6.4 South Korea
7.6.5 India
7.6.6 Southeast Asia
7.6.7 Australia
7.7 Latin America
7.7.1 Latin America Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.7.2 Mexico
7.7.3 Brazil
7.8 Middle East & Africa
7.8.1 Middle East and Africa Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.8.2 Turkey
7.8.3 Saudi Arabia
7.8.4 U.A.E
8 Value Chain and Channels Analysis
8.1 Disposable Incontinence Products Value Chain Analysis
8.2 Disposable Incontinence Products Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.3 Disposable Incontinence Products Production Mode & Process
8.4 Disposable Incontinence Products Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Channels
8.4.2 Disposable Incontinence Products Distributors
8.5 Disposable Incontinence Products Customers
9 Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Risks Factors Analysis
9.1 Disposable Incontinence Products Industry Trends
9.2 Disposable Incontinence Products Market Drivers
9.3 Disposable Incontinence Products Market Challenges
9.4 Disposable Incontinence Products Market Restraints
9.5 Disposable Incontinence Products Market Technology Analysis
10 Research Findings and Conclusion
11 Methodology and Data Source
11.1 Methodology
11.1.1 Research Process
11.1.2 Market Size Estimation
11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
11.2 Data Source
11.2.1 Legal Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Disposable Incontinence Products Picture
Table Product Definition of Disposable Incontinence Products
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Figure Years Considered
Table Inflation Analysis
Table The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
Figure (COVID-19) Impact on Global Economic Growth 2019, 2020, 2021
Figure Population infected by the Covid-19 of Major Countries
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Disposable Incontinence Products in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Disposable Incontinence Products in 2024
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Revenue by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Revenue Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Disposable Incontinence Products in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Disposable Incontinence Products in 2024
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production Price by Players
Table Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Players Geographical Distribution
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Company Profiles
Table Asahi Kasei Corporation Overview
Table Asahi Kasei Corporation Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Asahi Kasei Corporation Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Berry Global Group, Inc. Overview
Table Berry Global Group, Inc. Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Berry Global Group, Inc. Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Cardinal Health, Inc. Overview
Table Cardinal Health, Inc. Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Cardinal Health, Inc. Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Domtar, Inc. Overview
Table Domtar, Inc. Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Domtar, Inc. Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table First Quality Enterprises, Inc. Overview
Table First Quality Enterprises, Inc. Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table First Quality Enterprises, Inc. Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Freudenberg SE Overview
Table Freudenberg SE Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Freudenberg SE Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Georgia-Pacific LLC (Koch Industries, Inc) Overview
Table Georgia-Pacific LLC (Koch Industries, Inc) Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Georgia-Pacific LLC (Koch Industries, Inc) Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Kimberly-Clark Corporation Overview
Table Kimberly-Clark Corporation Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Kimberly-Clark Corporation Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Unicharm Corporation Overview
Table Unicharm Corporation Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Unicharm Corporation Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Ahlstrom Overview
Table Ahlstrom Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Ahlstrom Related Developments
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Production by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Production Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Value by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Value Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Value by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Value Share by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Price by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Price Forecast by Type (2024-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Consumption by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Consumption Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Consumption by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Consumption Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Revenue by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Revenue Share by Application (2024-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Price by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Price Forecast by Application (2024-2030)
Figure Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production (2019-2030)
Figure Global Disposable Incontinence Products Value (2019-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Production by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Historic Production Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Historic Value by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Historic Value Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Production by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Production Share by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Value by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Forecasted Value Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Disposable Incontinence Products Production (2019-2030)
Figure North America Disposable Incontinence Products Value (2019-2030)
Table North America Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Europe Disposable Incontinence Products Production (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Disposable Incontinence Products Value (2019-2030)
Table Europe Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure China Disposable Incontinence Products Production (2019-2030)
Figure China Disposable Incontinence Products Value (2019-2030)
Table China Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Japan Disposable Incontinence Products Production (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Disposable Incontinence Products Value (2019-2030)
Table Japan Production, Price, Value, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure North America Disposable Incontinence Products Sales (2019-2030)
Table North America Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table North America Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure United States Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Canada Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Europe Disposable Incontinence Products Sales (2019-2030)
Table Europe Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Europe Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Germany Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure France Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.K. Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Italy Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Russia Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Asia-Pacific Disposable Incontinence Products Sales (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Region (2019-2030)
Table Asia Pacific Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure China Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Japan Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure South Korea Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure India Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Southeast Asia Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Australia Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Latin America Disposable Incontinence Products Sales (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Latin America Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Mexico Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Brazil Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Middle East & Africa Disposable Incontinence Products Sales (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Disposable Incontinence Products Sales by Country (2019-2030)
Table Middle East and Africa Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure Turkey Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure Saudi Arabia Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Figure U.A.E Disposable Incontinence Products Sales Market Size (2019-2030)
Table Raw Material
Table Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Figure Sales Channels
Table Major Distributors of Disposable Incontinence Products with Contact Information
Table Major Customers of Disposable Incontinence Products with Contact Information
Table Research Process
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report